Download Global 9/Period: What happened during the Crusades?

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What happened during the Crusades?
What happened during the Crusades?
DIRECTIONS: Use the readings and videos to investigate the events of the Crusades.
THE CRUSADES: BACKGROUND
During the 1000’s the heart of Christianity and the Catholic Church was located in Rome, Italy. This was where the Pope and
other high clergy officials lived. All of Western Europe was living under the Feudal System.
At the same time, another great civilization, was having a Golden Age.
The Arab Muslims had control of half of Spain, Northern Africa, the Middle East and part of Asia Minor (Modern day Turkey).
These Muslims opened the Holy Lands (lands in the Middle East that are considered holy by Christianity, Judaism and Islam)
and the city of Jerusalem (city in modern day Israel that is considered holy for Christianity, Judaism and Islam) for all
monotheistic religions to come and pray: Muslims, Christians and Jews. This land bordered the Mediterranean Sea in the
East.
But in the early eleventh century, the Turks—who were also Muslim—took control of the Holy Lands, including Jerusalem.
Rather than allowing religious freedom, they closed Jerusalem to both Jews and Christians.
Also, the Turks started invading the Christian lands of the Byzantine Empire, which bordered the Holy Land. These two
aggressive moves by the Turks started a chain reaction beginning with the Christian emperor of the Byzantines
sending envoys to the Pope in Rome seeking help.
In 1095, Pope Urban II received the Byzantine emperor’s plea asking armored knights to help open the Holy Land and defend
against the Turks.
The Pope responded and asked the knights of Europe for a crusade (one of many religious military expeditions made by
European Christians to try to take the Holy Land and Jerusalem from the Muslims between 1095 and 1291) or holy war
against the Muslim forces in the Holy Land.
As a result of this plea, several armies were formed and started the trek to the Holy Land. The symbol of the crusader became a
red cross sewn on their tunics. Not only knights went to the Holy Land, peasant men, women and families traveled there as
well. Winning the Holy Land for Christianity was one of the MANY causes of the Crusades.
Source: http://lukensocialstudies.weebly.com/the-power-of-the-catholic-church--the-crusades.html
1.
According to the reading, why did Pope Urban II call for the Crusades?
The First Crusade Video (https://goo.gl/WHCI2)
2.
(Beginning through 0:35) According to the speakers, why did the Crusades begin?
3.
Describe the benefits a knight might gain by fighting in a Crusade.
4.
The speaker states (1:43), “It shows the extraordinary power if ideas to take hold of people’s minds and drive them to
commit acts of great sacrifice and love on the one hand but also acts of tremendous barbarity and hatred on the other.
It’s the double edge sword of religious belief.” What do you think he means by this?
5.
According to the speaker, how do the Crusades impact the Muslim community both during the time of the Crusades
and even today?
THE THIRD CRUSADE (1189-92)
Outrage over these defeats (Muslim defeats of the Europeans in Egypt) inspired the Third Crusade, led by rulers such as the
aging Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (who was drowned at Anatolia before his entire army reached Syria), King Philip II of
France and King Richard I of England (known as Richard the Lionheart). In September 1191, Richard’s forces defeated those of
Saladin (emperor of the Muslim Turks who controlled Jerusalem) in the battle of Arsuf; it would be the only true battle of the
Third Crusade. From the recaptured city of Jaffa, Richard reestablished Christian control over some of the region and
approached Jerusalem, though he refused to lay siege to the city. In September 1192, Richard and Saladin signed a peace treaty
that reestablished the Kingdom of Jerusalem (though without the city of Jerusalem) and ended the Third Crusade.
Source: http://www.history.com/topics/crusades
6.
According to the passage, what was the outcome of the Third Crusade?
Richard the Lionheart and the Third Crusade Video (https://goo.gl/gtrd76)
7.
(~0:40) Why was Acre a great victory for Richard and the Crusaders?
8.
Why didn’t Richard actually attack Jerusalem?
9. Describe the agreement made between Richard and Saladin.
THE RECONQUISTA AND THE SPANISH INQUISITION
The "Reconquista" or Spanish Reconquest was a period lasting more than 700 years, from the completion of the Islamic
conquest of the Iberian Peninsula around 711 to the fall of the last Islamic state on the peninsula, Granada, in 1492. The idea
behind the Reconquista is that the Christians took back the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims.
Source: https://www.reference.com/history/spanish-reconquista-2b8c0af151a9c052#
The Spanish Inquisition happened because the monarchs of Spain wanted to ensure that people who were converting to
Christianity from Judaism or Islam were sincere, and anyone who was believed not to be sincere was punished. The period is
considered an ugly period by many, reports Catholic Magazine and the Jewish Virtual Library, as the methods used to question
converters were filled with cruel acts of violence.
Since so many people had been forced to convert to Christianity to save their lives, the Spanish Inquisition allowed the rulers
to determine whether or not newly converted Christians were still practicing their old faiths and lasted for 354 years. The
primary victims were Jewish, Muslim and Protestant. The Spanish Inquisition did not end until 1834.
Source: https://www.reference.com/history/did-spanish-inquisition-happen-f2273b10e433adb3?qo=cdpArticles
10. What was the main goal of the Spanish Reconquista?
11. Why did the Spanish Inquisition occur?
Spanish Reconquista and Inquisition Video (https://goo.gl/PcazQ3)
12. Define Reconquista.
13. The conflict between Muslims and Christians reached “its boiling point” under the marriage of what monarchs?
14. Why did Jews and Muslims convert to Christianity while under the rule of the above-mentioned monarchs?
15. Why did the Spanish monarchs begin the Inquisition?
16. Define heretic.
17. What groups were deemed to be heretics during this time period?
18. What would happen to a suspected heretic?