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Unit C: Body Systems Terminology List Structural Units Abdominal Cavity Contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestines, appendix, and part of the large intestine Anatomical position The term used to describe the human body as it is standing erect, with face forward, arms at the side and palms forward. Anatomy Studies the shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another. Anterior (ventral) Means front or in front of Cartilage White semi-opaque nonvascular connective tissue. Caudal Means tail end of the body Coronal (fontal) Is a vertical cut at right angles to the sagittal plane, dividing the plane body into anterior and posterior portions Cranial Means skull or head end. Cranial cavity The brain is housed in this cavity in the skull Deep (internal) Damage to inside the body Distal Away from the point of attachment farthest from the trunk Dorsal On the back of the human body Dorsal cavity Contains the brain and the spinal cavity Epigastric Region Located just below the sternum Hypochondriac Located below the ribs on both sides Region Hypogastric Region May also be referred to as the pubic area Iliac ( inguinal) Located on each side of the lower abdomen Inferior Means lower or below another Lateral Means away or towards the side of the body. Ligaments A band of fibrous tissue connecting bones or supporting organs. Lumbar A region located on the front and back of a person near the lumbar vertebrae Medial Means towards the midline or median plane of the body Pelvic cavity This cavity houses the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, remainder of the large intestine and appendix. Planes Are imaginary anatomical dividing lines which are useful in separating body structures. Physiology Studies the function of each body part and how the functions of the various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism. Posterior Means back or in back of Proximal Means towards the point of attachment to the body or toward the trunk of the body. Sagittal plane Divides the body into right and left parts. Section Is a cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane. Spinal cavity This cavity houses the spinal column Superficial (external) On or near the surface of the body. Superior Means upper or above another Thoracic cavity This cavity houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, thymus, and trachea Transverse plane Or cross section is a horizontal cut that divides the body into Umbilical Region Ventral Adipose cartilage Connective tissue Epithelial tissue Membrane Mucous membrane Muscle Tissue Nervous tissue Organ system Organelles Organism Organs upper and lower parts. Is located around the naval or umbilicus. Means front or in front of. Tissues and Membranes This tissue stores fat or lipid cushions, supports and insulates the body. Provides firm but flexible support for the embryonic Skelton and part of the adult skeleton Cells whose intercellular secretions support and connect the organs and tissues of the body. Cells form a continuous layer covering internal and external body surfaces, provide protection, produce secretions, and regulate the passage of materials across themselves. Is formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together. Line surfaces and spaces that lead to the outside of the body. Contains cell material which has the ability to contract and move the body. Contains cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse A group of organs that act together to perform a specific, related function. A microscopic specialized structure within the cell having a special function or capacity. A form of life composed of mutually interdependent parts that maintain various vital processes Is a structure of several types of tissues grouped together to perform a single function. The outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity Lines the heart cavity and protects the heart. Parietal Pericardial membrane Peritoneal membrane Lines the abdominal cavity and protects the abdominal organs Pleural membrane Lines the thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs. Serous membrane Is a double-walled membrane that produces a watery fluid and lines closed body cavities. Tendons A cord of fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone or other structure. Tissues Multicellular organisms are composed of many different types of cells. Each of these cells performs a special function. These millions of cells are grouped according to their similarity in shape, size, structure, intercellular materials and function. Visceral The part of a membrane that covers the organs.