Download Body Systems

BODY SYSTEMS
Health
Science 1
BODY SYSTEMS
ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body
PHYSIOLOGY – function of the body
ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect with
face forward, arms at the side, palms forward
TISSUE
TISSUES – cells grouped because they
are similar in shape, size, structure, and
function
EPITHELIAL TISSUE – protects the body by
covering internal and external surfaces, and
produces secretions
 ex: skin, 3 types squamous, cuboidal, and
columnar
TISSUE
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
TISSUE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE – supports and connects
organs and tissue
 Adipose: stores fat cells
 Cartilage: firm, flexible support of the embryonic
skeleton and part of the adult skeleton
 Tendons: attaching skeletal muscle to bone
 Ligaments: hold bones firmly together at the joints
TISSUE
MUSCLE TISSUE – has ability to contract and
move body
 Cardiac
 involuntary; contracts the heart
 Skeletal
 Voluntary; attached to the skeleton
 Smooth
 involuntary; provides movement in various body systems
NERVOUS TISSUE – cells that react to stimuli
and conduct an impulse
 neuron
TISSUE
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
Neuron
SUMMARIZE
Describe to your partner what
muscle and epithelial tissues are
Switch
Describe to your partner what
connective and nervous tissues
are
MEMBRANES
MEMBRANES – formed by putting two thin layers
of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid
MUCOUS MEMBRANES– lines digestive,
respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems –
produces mucous to lubricate and protect the
lining
SEROUS MEMBRANES – double-walled
membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines
closed body cavities
PARIETAL MEMBRANES-the outer part of the
membrane that lines the cavity is the
MEMBRANES
VISCERAL MEMBRANE - the part that covers
the organs is the
PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest
cavity and protects the lungs
PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart
cavity and protects the heart
PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the
abdominal cavity and protects abdominal
organs
SUMMARIZE
Define 4 of 7 membranes to
your partner
Switch
Define the remaining
membranes to your partner
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
ORGANELLES – cell structure which
helps a cell to function
ORGANS – tissues which form larger
functioning and structural units
ORGAN SYSTEMS – groups of organs that act
together to perform a specific related
function
ORGANISM – anything capable of carrying on
life
ORGAN SYSTEMS
 Integumentary = system which regulates body
temperature, eliminates waste, synthesized
Vitamin D, has temperature, pressure, and pain
receptors
 Skeletal = system which gives shape to the body,
protects, helps form blood and stores minerals
 Muscular = system which determines posture,
produces heat, and provides movement
 Digestive = system that prepares food for
absorption and use by body cells through
modification of physical and chemical stress
ORGAN SYSTEMS
 Respiratory = system that acquires oxygen and
rids body of carbon dioxide
 Urinary / Excretory = system which removes
waste of metabolism from the body
 Circulatory = system which circulates blood
throughout body
 Excretory= system responsible for waste removal
 Nervous = system that communicates, controls,
and coordinates body activities
 Endocrine = system that manufactures hormones
 Reproductive = system that reproduces human
beings
SKELETAL SYSTEM
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Click here to hear heartbeat
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
SENSORY SYSTEM
The Skin
The Tongue
URINARY SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male
Female
ANATOMIC POSITION AND DIRECTION
 ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of
 POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back
of
 CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body
 CAUDAL – means tail end
 SUPERIOR – upper or above something
 INFERIOR – lower or below something
ANATOMIC POSITION AND DIRECTION
MEDIAL – toward the middle
LATERAL – toward the side of body
PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment
to the body or the trunk of the body
DISTAL – away from the point of attachment
to the body
SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface
or outside the body
DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body
SUMMARIZE
Turn to partner and explain what
terms mean the top, bottom, front
and back of body
Switch
Tell partner what terms mean
middle, side, inside and outside
BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing
planes
SECTION – cut made through the body in the
direction of a certain plane
 SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and
left parts
 CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE – vertical cut at right
angles to saggital plane, divides the body into
anterior and posterior portions
 TRANSVERSE PLANE – cross-section, a horizontal
cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts
CAVITIES OF THE BODY
DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and spinal
cord
 CRANIAL CAVITY- the brain
 SPINAL CAVITY - the spinal cord
ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the
THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES
 thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
 ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines,
liver, gallbladder and pancreas
 PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and
reproductive organs
SUMMARIZE
Take turns with your partner
and explain what each body
cavity is
When explaining tell some of
the major organs in that cavity
ABDOMINAL QUADRANTS
ABDOMINAL REGIONS
SUMMARIZE
Explain to your partner what the
quadrants are and how they are
defined
Switch
Explain to your partner what the
regions are and how they are define