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Team Letter Code: __________
School Name:__________________________________________________
Student Names: ________________________________________________
Ecology – Division C
Fayetteville-Manlius High School Invitational
December 17th, 2016
Each correct answer is worth one point for a total of 125 points.
There are four tiebreaker questions at the end of this examination, write your answers in the test
booklet, in the event two teams tie and don’t answer the tie breaker questions you will be place
in last place.
Place the answer to questions 1-100 on the Scantron sheet B.
1. A change in the acidity of mountain lakes would most likely be a result of
a.
b.
c.
d.
ecological succession of the area at the top of the mountain
the introduction for new species into the lakes
air pollution from smoke stacks miles away
plating grasses and shrubs around the lakes
2. Which sequence shows a correct pathway for the flow of energy in a food chain?
a.
b.
c.
d.
algae  snake  duck  deer
fungi  beetle  algae  mouse
grass  grasshopper  frog  snake
bacteria  grass  fox  owl
3. What is a relationship in which two organisms both benefit from their association?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Competition
4. Interrelated groups of food chains are known as a
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
niche
food web
population
habitat
none of these
5. How is an ecosystem organized, from least to most comprehensive?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Individual, community, population, biome
Individual, population, community, biome
Individual, population, niche, community
Individual, niche, community, population
Individual, population, biome, niche
6. Which of the following releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Animal consumption of producers
Photosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Bacterial decay
None of the above
7. When needed resources are unevenly distributed, organisms often show a
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
density-dependent dispersion pattern.
clumped dispersion pattern.
exponential dispersion pattern.
random dispersion pattern.
uniform dispersion pattern.
8. Graylag geese learn to follow their mothers. This is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
habituation.
operant conditioning.
altruism.
imprinting.
agonistic behavior.
9. One important component of the carbon cycle is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
molecular oxygen
molecular ATP
ammonia
water
molecular carbon dioxide
10. The three principal steps in the nitrogen cycle are
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ammonification, nitrification, and ecological succession
ammonification, assimilation, and phosphorylation
ammonification, nitrification, and assimilation
phosphorylation, hydration, and assimilation
respiration, decaryboxylation, and quantification
11. Primary producers on earth are
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
omnivores
photosynthesizers
parasites
carnivores
herbivores
12. The basic pattern of an interaction between two species in which one benefits while the other neither
benefits nor is harmed is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
ammensalism
neutralism
13. Which organisms are correctly paired with their nutritional roles?
a.
b.
c.
d.
hawk—decomposer; insect-eating bird—parasite
mouse—autotroph; flower seed—heterotroph
mountain lion—predator; bark beetle—herbivore
grasshopper—carnivore; grass—autotroph
14. The size of plant populations can be influenced by the
a.
b.
c.
d.
molecular structure of available oxygen
size of the cells of decomposers
number of chemical bonds in a glucose molecule
type of minerals present in the soil
15. One reason why people should be aware of the impact of their actions on the environment is that
a.
b.
c.
d.
ecosystems are never able to recover once they have been adversely affected
the depletion of finite resources cannot be reversed
there is a decreased need for new technology
there is a decreased need for substances produced by natural processes
16. Competition between two species occurs when
a.
b.
c.
d.
mold grows on a tree that has fallen in the forest
chipmunks and squirrels eat sunflower seeds in a garden
a crow feeds on the remains of a rabbit killed on the road
a lion stalks, kills, and eats an antelope
17. If several species of carnivores are removed from an ecosystem, the most likely effect on the ecosystem will
be
a.
b.
c.
d.
an increase in the kinds of autotrophs
a decrease in the number of abiotic factors
a decrease in stability among populations
an increase in the rate of succession
18. If an ecosystem is changed through a natural disaster, organisms will have the best chance of survival if
a.
b.
c.
d.
their environment has few abiotic factors
the organisms are large
the population size is small
their species exhibits genetic variation
19. Organisms that are able to manufacture organic nutrients from substances in the abiotic environment are
classified as
a.
b.
c.
d.
heterotrophs
fungi
predators
autotrophs
20. Which factor would have the greatest effect on the flow of energy into an ecosystem
a.
b.
c.
d.
a large decrease in the amount of sunlight available
a large increase in the number of carnivores
a small increase in the number of decomposers
a small decrease in the amount of minerals available
21. What will most likely occur if two different plant species compete for the same requirements in an
ecosystem?
a.
b.
c.
d.
They will usually develop different requirements.
One species may adapt to a different environment.
One species may be eliminated from that ecosystem.
They will alter the environment so that they can both survive in that ecosystem.
22. The relationship that exists when athlete’s foot fungus grows on a human is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
predator/prey
producer/consumer
parasite/host
decomposer/autotroph
23. A stable ecosystem would not contain
a.
b.
c.
d.
materials being cycled
consumers without producers
decomposers
a constant source of energy
24. Abiotic factors that could affect the stability of an ecosystem could include
a.
b.
c.
d.
hurricanes, packs of wolves, and temperature
blizzards, heat waves, and swarms of grasshoppers
droughts, floods, and heat waves
species of fish, number of decomposers, and supply of algae
25. One season, there was a shortage of producers in a food web. As a result, the number of deer and wolves
decreased. The reason that both the deer and wolf populations declined is that
a.
b.
c.
d.
producers are not as important as consumers in a food web
more consumers than producers are needed to support the food web
organisms in this food web are interdependent
populations tend to stay constant in a food web
26. The size of a frog population in a pond remains fairly constant over a period of several years because of
a.
b.
c.
d.
decreasing competition
environmental carrying capacity
excessive dissolved oxygen
the depth of water
A food chain is represented below.
Grass 


27. This food chain contains
a.
b.
c.
d.
4 consumers and no producers
1 predator, 1 parasite, and 2 producers
2 carnivores and 2 herbivores
2 predators, 1 herbivore, and 1 producer
28. Which factor has the greatest influence on the type of ecosystem that will form in a particular geographic
area?
a.
b.
c.
d.
genetic variations in the animals
climate conditions
number of carnivores
percentage of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere
29. Rabbits are herbivores that are not native to Australia. Their numbers have increased steadily since being
introduced into Australia by European settlers. One likely reason the rabbit population was able to grow so
large is that the rabbits
a.
b.
c.
d.
were able to prey on native herbivores
reproduced more slowly than the native animals
successfully competed with native herbivores for food
could interbreed with the native animals
30. Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It manufactures its own food.
It divides by mitosis.
It transforms light energy into chemical energy.
It obtains nutrients from its environment.
31. Global warming has been linked to a decrease in the
a.
b.
c.
d.
size of the polar ice caps
temperature of Earth
rate of species extinction
rate of carbon dioxide production
32. A manatee is a water-dwelling herbivore on the list of endangered species. If manatees were to become
extinct, what would be the most likely result in the areas where they had lived?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The biodiversity of these areas would not be affected.
Certain producer organisms would become more abundant in these areas.
Other manatees would move into these areas and restore the population.
Predators in these areas would occupy higher levels on the energy pyramid.
33. A serious threat to biodiversity is
a.
b.
c.
d.
habitat destruction
maintenance of food chains
competition within a species
predator prey cycles
34. Which action will result in the greatest decrease in rain forest stability?
a. removing one species of plant for medicine
b. harvesting nuts from some trees
c. cutting down all the trees for lumber
d. powering all homes with wind energy
35. Decomposers are necessary in an ecosystem because they
a.
b.
c.
d.
produce food for plants by the process of photosynthesis
provide energy for plants by the process of decay
can rapidly reproduce and evolve
make inorganic materials available to plants
36. An ecosystem that has almost the same number and type of organisms for many years is exhibiting
a.
b.
c.
d.
feedback
global instability
environmental change
stability/equilibrium
37. A stable ecosystem is characterized by having
a.
b.
c.
d.
predators that outnumber their prey
a continual input of energy
limited autotrophic nutrition
no competition between species
38. Which pair of organisms would most likely compete for the same ecological niche?
a.
b.
c.
d.
bacteria and fungi
deer and wolf
tree and fungi
deer and bacteria
39. Rabbits introduced into Australia over one hundred years ago have become a serious pest. Rabbit
populations have increased so much that they have displaced many native species of herbivores.
Which statement best explains the reason for their increased numbers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Rabbits have a high metabolic rate.
There are few native predators of rabbits.
Additional rabbit species have been introduced.
There is an increase in rabbit competitors.
40. Which human activity would preserve finite resources?
a.
b.
c.
d.
deforestation
removing carnivores from a forest
recycling aluminum
heating homes with fossil fuels
41. Abandoned railroad tracks are overgrown with weeds. Ten years later there are small aspen trees growing in
the middle of the tracks. This change is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
ecological succession
biological evolution
genetic variation
heterotrophic nutrition
42. Abiotic factors that characterize a forest ecosystem include
a.
b.
c.
d.
light and biodiversity
temperature and amount of available water
types of producers and decomposers
pH and number of heterotrophs
43. The biodegradation of materials by aerobic microorganisms resulting in the production of carbon dioxide,
water, and other mineral products is termed ______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Aerobic Decomposition
Biodegration
Cellular respiration
Hydrologic cycle
None of the above
44. Lichen is an example of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ammensalism
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
none of the above
45. Winds in the tundra often reach speeds of ____ mph.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
50-70
30-60
10-40
5-20
None of the above
46. All of the following are density-dependent limiting factors except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
disease
food supplies
droughts
waste products
None of the above
47. All the biotic and abiotic resources used by an organism are known as its:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
habitat
niche
resource usage
carbon footprint
none of the above
48. Radiation is a ____ factor.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
biotic
intramural
physical
leaching
None of the above
49. The most fundamental unit of ecology is the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
population
organism
community
ecosystem
None of the above
50. The entire life containing area of the planet is the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
biosphere
ecosystem
biome
hydrosphere
none of the above
51. In what type of population growth does the population grow as if there are no limiting factors:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
exponential
logistic
uncontrolled
controlled
none of the above
52. Non-living particulate organic material is called _____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Abiotic factors
Detritus
Top soil
Nitrobacter
None of the above
53. The greenhouse effect is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the result of excess CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere
a natural phenomena that maintains Earth’s temperature range
the result of the difference in the angles of the sun’s rays
an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere
none of the above
54. Why are fires beneficial to the Taiga?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
They remove invasive grasses
They allow seeds that only open at certain temperatures to spread
Allows for primary succession to occur
Fire kills off the older trees allows the younger ones to grow up in place of the old ones.
none of the above
55. Biotic potential is:
a. the maximum number of individuals that a population can sustain in a given environment
b. the maximum birth rate of a population given unlimited resources, space, and lack of competition and
predators
c. the maximum death rate of a population given unlimited resources, space, and lack of competition
and predators
d. the maximum growth rate of a population given unlimited resources, space, and lack of competition
and predators
e. None of the above
56. What type of succession takes place on an area that once had stable life, but was disturbed:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
primary succession
bare-rock succession
pond succession
secondary succession
none of the above
57. The cumulative weight of all members of a given trophic level is represented by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
biomass pyramid
pyramid of numbers
trophic pyramid
food chain
none of the above
58. Photosynthesis and respiration belong to which cycle:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Water Cycle
Phosphorous Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Carbon Cycle
None of the above
59. Type of Pyramid that compares the number of individuals in each trophic level.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Number
Biomass
Energy
Ecological
None of the above
60. Type of pyramid that is a graph which represents trophic level numbers in an ecosystem.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Number
Biomass
Energy
Ecological
None of the above
61. Why is there very little diversity in the taiga?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Trees use all of the nutrients in the soil
an introduced species has destroyed the biodiversity
the ground is in a state of permafrost
most plants can’t survive the harsh conditions
none of the above
62. The top layer of soil in a deciduous forest that contains decaying plant and animal matter is called:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
topsoil
litter
subsoil
bedrock
none of the above
63. A species that gives an early warning that an ecosystem is in a state of flux, often times fish and amphibians
or apex predators
a. Indicator species
b. Limiting factor
c. Sustainability
d. Secondary succession
64. The age distribution for a population of an r-selected organism would be...
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pyramidal
Rectangular
An inverse pyramid
Bimodal
65. Attempts by two or more organisms of a single species to use the same limited resources in an ecosystem is
best described as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Intraspecific Competition
Interspecific Competition
Species specific Competition
All of the above
66. Which of the following is the largest single factor in species loss?
a.
b.
c.
d.
chemical pollution
thermal pollution
habitat loss
introduced species
67. The term heterotroph is used to define an organism that
a.
b.
c.
d.
eats only plants
may eat plants or animals
eats only animals
makes its own food
68. Which of the following shows the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?
a.
b.
c.
d.
biome, population, ecosystem, individual, cell, organ system
cell, organ system, organism, population, ecosystem, biome
cell, organ system, ecosystem, individual, biome, organism
ecosystem, cell, individual, population, organ system, biome
69. Which trophic level has the largest biomass?
a.
b.
c.
d.
plants
carnivore
herbivore
decomposer
70. This biome sustains the highest levels of biomass in any terrestrial ecosystem, and is notable for trees of
massive proportions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Temperate deciduous forest
Temperate coniferous forest
Tropical rain forest
None of the above
71. Which of the following best defines an ecosystem?
a.
b.
c.
d.
a group of organisms that can interbreed
smaller organisms that get eaten by larger organisms
the feeding level of an organism in a food chain
all of the interactions between living things and their environment
72. Prey may avoid predation through
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
being too big to consume.
being too small to consume.
defending themselves in groups.
the benefits of spatial heterogeneity.
all of the above.
73. What is an acidic soil type common in the Arctic and boreal areas.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Humus
Muskeg
Aluvial Soil
Laterite soil
74. Species introduced by humans to new geographic locations __________
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
can outcompete and displace native species for biotic and abiotic resources.
increase the diversity and therefore the stability of the ecosystem.
are usually successful in colonizing the area.
always spread because they encounter none of their natural predators.
are always considered pests by ecologists.
75. All of the following are migratory birds of the tundra except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ravens
Snow Buntings
Falcons
Sandpipers
None of the above
76. About how much energy is lost between each trophic level?
a.
b.
c.
d.
10%
50%
90%
99%
77. A population is correctly defined as having which of the following characteristics?
I. inhabiting the same general area
II. belonging to the same species
III. possessing a constant and uniform density and dispersion
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
I only
III only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
78. Species that reproduce early in their life span and produce large numbers of usually small and short-lived
offspring in a short period.
a. R-selected species
b. Limiting factor
c. Intraspecific competition
d. Gross primary productivity
79. Which is not a cause of deforestation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Conversion of forests to agricultural land
Unregulated commercial logging
Unintentional forest fires
Cutting down forests for recreational use
80. Which is not a characteristic of the tundra biome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Layer of permafrost
Cold temperatures
Low biodiversity
Long growing seasons
81. In the nitrogen cycle, the transformation of gaseous nitrogen into nitrogen containing compounds is
performed primarily by...
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fungi
Bacteria
Herbivores
Carnivores
82. A J shaped growth curve represents which type or growth:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Exponential
Logistic
Uncontrolled
Controlled
None of the above
83. Coevolution is most often seen in which of the following interactions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Predation
Parasitism
Competition
Mutualism
84. The development of biotic communities in an area where the natural vegetation has been removed or
destroyed but where soil is present is best described as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Primary Succession
Secondary Succession
Biological Succession
None of the above
85. An example of a R-selected species is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Insects
Humans
Polar Bears
B and C only
86. The difference between geometric and exponential growth is:
a. Exponential growth describes conditions where resources are unlimited, whereas geometric growth
describes populations that reach carrying capacity (K)
b. Geometric growth models populations with discrete reproduction (individuals reproduce at the same
time), whereas exponential growth models populations with continuous reproduction
c. Geometric growth is commonly observed in lab studies for organisms such as bacteria and exponential
growth is commonly observed in nature for organisms such as Dall sheep
d. No difference. In other words, geometric growth and exponential growth are two different terms for
the same population growth behavior
e. Answers A & B
87. Each of the following statements is true of carrying capacity except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
territoriality or competition for space can lower carrying capacity
carrying capacity varies over time because resource levels vary
carrying capacity is defined as the maximum number of individual a habitat can sustain
r-selected species tend to maintain stable population levels close to carrying capacity
None of the above
88. In the tundra, permafrost extends up to how much below the surface?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
10 Meters
90 Meters
210 Meters
330 Meters
450 Meters
89. Top predators significantly affect populations of lower trophic levels, including herbivores and plants. The
term for this phenomenon is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Dynamic biomass forcing
Community shock
Ecological efficiency
Trophic cascade
None of the above
90. An ecological niche includes all of the following except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
How much water the species needs
How much sunlight the species needs
How much space the species needs
Temperatures the species can tolerate
The place where the species lives
91. An ecosystem can survive without:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Autotrophs
Detritivores
92. The term ‘ecology’ was first coined by ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Charles Darwin
Ernst Haeckel
Antoni Leeuwenhoek
Richard Bradley
Thomas Malthus
93. A community in which barn owls and snakes consume only mice is being observed. If the number of snakes
increases, which of the following is most likely to happen first?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The barn owl population will increase.
The mouse population will decrease.
The barn owl population will decrease.
The mouse population will remain the same.
94. Deer share the open plains with other grazing animals and predators. Which of the following would lead to a
decrease in the deer population?
a.
b.
c.
d.
a reduction in the predator population
an increase in the number of other grazing animals
a reduction in the grazing animal population
an increase in restrictions on the hunting of deer
95. The basic pattern of an interaction between two species in which one benefits while the other is harmed is
called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
ammensalism
neutralism
96. The basic pattern of an interaction between two species in which both species benefits is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
ammensalism
neutralism
97. The basic pattern of an interaction between two species in which one species is harmed and the other not
affected is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
ammensalism
neutralism
98. The wetland plant purple loosestrife was imported to North America from Europe. Since its
introduction, the loosestrife has spread, which has resulted in a dramatic decline in the biological
diversity of native wetland plants. A likely reason for the spread of the purple loosestrife is that it can
a.
b.
c.
d.
successfully compete with native herbivores for food
serve as an excellent food source for native herbivores
successfully compete with native plants for space
prevent the migration of native plants
99. Deer ticks are responsible for spreading Lyme disease. This organism, which feeds on the blood of
warm-blooded organisms like mice, deer, and humans, is best described as a
a.
b.
c.
d.
100.
predator
scavenger
parasite
host
Which type of organism helps to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide?
a.
b.
c.
d.
carnivores
decomposers
producers
herbivores
Place the answer to questions 101-125 on the Scantron sheet C.
101.
Demography is the scientific study of?
a.
b.
c.
d.
102.
For most populations that are growing, as resources start to become less available, the population
a.
b.
c.
d.
103.
the number that live in an area
the births per unit area
the areas inhabited by a population
the deaths per unit area
The goals of biodiversity conservation include all of the following EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
107.
immigration and emigration
increased death rate and immigration
decreased birthrate and emigration
emigration and increased birthrate
What does the range of a population tell you that density does not?
a.
b.
c.
d.
106.
a logistic growth curve.
a normal curve.
an exponential growth curve.
a population curve.
Which are two ways a population can decrease in size?
a.
b.
c.
d.
105.
declines rapidly.
reaches carrying capacity.
increases more rapidly.
enters a phase of exponential growth.
The various growth phases through which most populations go are represented on
a.
b.
c.
d.
104.
parasitism and disease.
human populations.
modernized countries.
none of the above
protecting individual species.
introducing exotic species into new environments.
preserving habitats and ecosystems.
making sure local people benefit from conservation efforts.
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
a.
b.
c.
d.
have different habitats within the tree.
don’t eat food from the tree.
occupy different niches within the tree.
can find different temperatures within the tree.
108.
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the
a.
b.
c.
d.
109.
Compared to land, the open oceans
a.
b.
c.
d.
110.
organic mass.
energy mass.
trophic mass.
biomass.
have less zooplankton.
are nutrient-poor environments.
contain unlimited nitrogen.
are rich in silica and iron.
The diagram below represents different stages of an ecosystem over a period of time.
Which stage of the ecosystem has the greatest long-term stability?
a.
b.
c.
d.
111.
The nitrogen cycle differs substantially from the calcium cycle in that
a.
b.
c.
d.
112.
The grass stage.
The shrub stage.
The pine forest stage.
The hardwood forest stage.
trees require calcium to a greater degree
nitrogen is fixed from atmospheric sources via a symbiosis
calcium is substantially influenced by the activity of leguminous plants
none of these
In which location would you expect to find the highest productivity ecosystem?
a.
b.
c.
d.
wet, temperate, forest
tundra
desert
boreal forest
113.
Which of the following statements is consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion?
a. Bird species generally do not compete for nesting sites.
b. The density of one competing species will have a positive impact on the population growth of
the other competing species.
c. Two species with the same fundamental niche will exclude other competing species.
d. Even a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead to the elimination of the less well
adapted of two competing species.
e. Evolution tends to increase competition between related species.
Base your answers to questions 114 through 116 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
The diagram represents a food web in an ecosystem.
114.
If the population of hawks in this area increases, their prey populations might decrease. Later, with
fewer prey, the hawk population might decrease. The prey populations might then increase. This is an
example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
115.
Missing from the diagram of this ecosystem are the
a.
b.
c.
d.
116.
an ecosystem that is completely out of balance
how ecosystems maintain stability over time
interaction between biotic and abiotic factors within an ecosystem
ecological succession in an ecosystem
biotic factors and decomposers
abiotic factors and decomposers
autotrophs, only
heterotrophs, only
Which row in the chart below best identifies the relationship between the mice and the wheat?
Row
a.
b.
c.
d.
Role of Mice
Producer
Preadator
Host
Consumer
Role of Wheat
Consumer
Host
Predator
producer
117.
Using the graph below, which term best identifies line B in the graph?
a.
b.
c.
d.
118.
niche of the species in the environment
carrying capacity of the environment
biodiversity in the environment
number of populations in the environment
A study was done on three different fish species living in a pond. The influence of temperature on the
growth rates of the fish populations is shown in the graph below.
In this pond where these fish live, temperature is a
a.
b.
c.
d.
119.
limiting factor
hereditary factor
source of ATP
source of solar energy
What is the primary source of energy for all the organisms in the ecosystem represented below?
a.
b.
c.
d.
photosynthesis in the producers
respiration in the heterotrophs
light energy from the Sun
minerals from the rocks
120.
The chart below shows three ecological terms used to describe levels of organization on Earth.
Which diagram best represents the relationship of these ecological terms?
(a)
121.
(b)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself?
a.
b.
c.
d.
123.
(d)
Which graph best shows the relationship between the amount of biodiversity and the number of different
populations in an ecosystem?
(a)
122.
(c)
The Sun provides the needed energy.
Energy is transferred from plants to animals.
There are more consumers than producers.
There are interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.
Wolves in Yellowstone park were killed or driven off by humans in the 1920s and 1930s. In the
winter of 1995, humans released 17 wolves from Canada into the park. A year later, 14 more
wolves were released. The food chain below involves organisms in Yellowstone National Park.
Grasses → Elk → Wolves
One possible reason that the wolves were released into the park was to
a.
b.
c.
d.
eliminate unwanted autotrophs
provide food for small predators
reduce an overpopulation of elk
increase the number of herbivores
124.
After the wolves were released, the populations of some scavengers increased. This was most
likely due to
a.
b.
c.
d.
125.
a reduction in predator populations
an increase in the number of dead elk
a decrease in the number of grasses
an increase in water supplies
Which consequence could most likely be associated with a decrease in biodiversity in an area?
a.
b.
c.
d.
More species would be better able to survive a major environmental change.
The ecosystems in the area would become more stable.
The amount of genetic information in the species of the area would increase.
Some sources of future foods or medications would be lost.
Tiebreaker questions:
1. Define the word Altruism.
2. Define a keystone species.
3. What is obligate mutualism?
4. What are the four abiotic theories?