Download Nervous System Review A. The nervous system can be split into the

Nervous System Review
A.
The nervous system can be split into the CNS and the ____________________. The CNS contains the
____________________ and the ____________________. The peripheral nervous system, which
contains the peripheral nerves, can be split into two main divisions, ____________________ and
____________________. The former of these can be further divided into the ____________________,
which receives sensory information from external stimuli, and the ____________________, which
monitors the internal environment. The latter contains subdivisions of its visceral component. The
____________________ component rises the body for action, while the ____________________ has a
calming effect.
The neuron is made up of the body, called the ____________________, the ____________________ ,
which receive incoming signals, and the ____________________ , which transmits outgoing signals.
The axon itself is covered with ____________________ gated channels, which allow
____________________ to come in, and ____________________ to exit. The end of the axon is
characterized by the ____________________ knob, which has voltage gated channels which allow
____________________ to enter. The influx of this ion into the synaptic knob causes a release of
chemicals called ____________________. A post-synaptic potential is triggered when these chemicals
diffuse across the ____________________ , and bind to ____________________ gated channels,
which allow either ____________________, ____________________ or ____________________ to
enter or leave the cell.
B.
Name the location and discuss the function of the following:
Oligodendrites –
Ependymal cells –
Microglia –
Ascrocytes –
Schwann cells –
1. What kind of summation is evident at A and will there be an action potential at the hillock?
2. How does the potential travel down the soma?
3. Describe the channels located at each of the sections, how they are gated, what ions go in what
direction, and the effect of their concentration change inside the neuron.
4. Summarize signal propagation. Muscle Review
A.
Skeletal muscle is characterized by may ____________________, and ____________________ (an
alternating stripe pattern under microscope). It is under ____________________ control. The
functional unit of muscle is called a ____________________. The ER of muscle cells is called the
____________________. A ____________________ unit is comprised of one
____________________ and all the muscle fibers in innervates. The major neurotransmitter involved
in muscle contraction is ____________________. The two filament types are ____________________,
the thin filament, and ____________________, the ____________________thick filament.
____________________ muscles is dark red in color, contains ____________________ levels of
myoglobin, is ____________________ to fatigue and relies on ____________________ for energy.
Fast glycolytic muscle is ____________________ in color, ____________________ to fatigue and
relies on the ____________________ system as well as glycolysis for energy.
B. Number the following in the order in which they occur during contraction and fill in either the stage
name or description.
___ Excitation contraction coupling
Action potential spreads down to T-tubules and
triggers Ca, leakage, and then release. Ca binds to
troponin, causing the tropomyosin to change
shape and expose actin active sites
___
___ Contraction
Myosin heads hydrolyzes ATP to ratchet into
open position ( \__ ), attaches to active sites on
actin, kicks off ADP and P to bend back into
relaxed position ( /__ ) and move along actin and
binds ATP to release.
___
Label the following on the diagram:
1. A-band
2.I-band
3.Sarcomere
4.Z-disk
5.Actin
6.Myosin
7. H-band
Cardiac Review
A. The cardiovascular system is divided into a ____________________ circuit, serviced by the right
heart, and the systemic circuit, serviced by the ____________________. The heart is innervated by
the____________________ nervous system, specifically by the ____________________ nerves,
which supply ____________________ stimulation to the ____________________nodes, as well as
various sympathetic nerves. The cardiac rhythm is set by a pace maker called the
____________________ node, causing ____________________ systole. Signals from this area travel
to the ____________________ node, causing ____________________ systole. Without external
innervation, the SA node maintains heart rate at ____________________bpm, the AV node can
maintain heart rate at ____________________ bpm, and lack of any pacemaker or nervous control
will result in a ____________________ bpm rate maintained by other ectopic focci.
____________________ the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute, and is a
product of ____________________ X ____________________. Heart rate is raised or lowered by
positive and negative ____________________ factors. Stroke volume is determined by
____________________ , ____________________ and ____________________. Contractility is
influenced by positive and negative ____________________ factors.
B. Label the diagram and trace blood flow with arrows.
C.
Label the segments as P wave, T wave, PR interval, ST wave, QRS interval.
Describe the events at the
P wave
QRS complex
T wave