Download Study guide for final exam

Anatomy 10
Study Guide
Fall 2014
Format: The final exam is on Wednesday, 12/10 at 2:00 pm in SAS 103 and will cover chapters 6 (The Muscular System) and 7 (The
Nervous System). Remember, a study guide is meant to guide you. It is not a comprehensive list of questions on the exam. Make
sure that you know how each term/phrase relates to the surrounding terms/phrases.
The Muscular System (Ch. 6)
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What are the three types of muscle tissue? How are they similar? Different?
Where are the three types of muscle tissue located in the body?
What are the names and characteristics of the three connective tissue sheaths associated with skeletal muscle?
Muscle origin and insertion.
What is the structure and function of a skeletal muscle fiber and its’ contents. (ex. T-tubules, SR, etc.)
What is a sarcomere? What is a sarcomere composed of? What happens to the length of a sarcomere during a contraction?
What are the regions of a sarcomere and what do they contain?
What are thick and thin filaments. What contractile protein is each type composed of?
What are the special features of the myosin head?
What type of cell stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract and where is this cell located?
What is the neuromuscular junction? What does it include?
Be able to describe all of the steps leading up to and during a muscle contraction.
What ion is the final trigger for muscle contraction and why?
What is acetylcholinesterase and what is its function?
What happens during the cross bridge cycle?
What is a motor unit?
What is a muscle twitch? What is a myogram?
What is an action potential and what are its characteristics?
What do wave summation, incomplete (unfused) or complete (fused) tetanus look like on a myogram? What is happening to
intracellular calcium levels in these situations and what does that mean for the amount of tension generated during the
contraction?
What is a graded muscle response? How are muscle contractions graded?
What molecule provides energy for muscle contraction?
How are skeletal muscles named?
Be able to identify and give at least one action for all of the muscles discussed in class.
Ch. 7 The Nervous System
Chapter 7a
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What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?
Know the structural and functional classes of neurons.
Know the structural classification of the Nervous system (slide 4 of lecture Ch. 7a)
Know the overall organization of the nervous system
What are neuroglia, types and function, and system they belong to?
What is the myelin sheath composed of (cellular and molecular components)
Know the structure of a motor neuron.
What are white and grey matter composed of?
Chapter 7b
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General features of the cerebrum (gyri, sulci, etc.)
Know the lobes of the brain and important gyri (motor and somatosensory cortex)
Know the principal parts of the adult brain (cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum)
Know the structures seen in the midsaggital view
Know the functions of the regions of the brain discussed in class.
What are meninges? What is their function? How many layers of meninges and in what order?
Know the flow of CSF.
Anatomy 10
Study Guide
Chapter 7c
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Function, location and structures of the spinal cord.
What protects the spinal cord?
You should be able to label the structures found in the cross section of the spinal cord.
What is flaccid paralysis and how can it be caused?
What is the structure of a nerve?
Types of nerves (sensory, motor, mixed)
What do spinal nerves give rise to? (slide 16)
Know the function, name and number of the three sensory nerves.
What regions of the body do cranial nerves innervate (serve)?
Which cranial nerve serves regions below the head and neck?
What are the major differences between the somatic and autonomic nervous system?(slides 20- 22)
What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system and their general functions?
Fall 2014