Download Name: Class: ______ Date: ______ ID: A Intro to College Biology

Name: ________________ Class: _____________ Date: ______
ID: A
Intro to College Biology Final Exam Practice
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the
most complex level?
a. organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism b.
cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle c.
organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ d. ecosystem,
cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system e. molecule, cell, organ
system, population, ecosystem, biosphere
2. About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make
up approximately 96% of living matter?
a. carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen
b. carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen
c. oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
d. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
e. carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium
3. A covalent chemical bond is one in which
a. electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two
atoms become oppositely charged.
b. protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both
atoms.
c. outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells
of both atoms.
d. outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the inner electron shells of another
atom.
e. the inner-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the outer shell of another atom.
4. The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another
water molecule. What is this attraction called?
a. a covalent bond
b. a hydrogen bond
c. an ionic bond
d. a hydrophilic bond
e. a hydrophobic bond
5. An example of a hydrogen bond is the bond between
a. C and H in methane (CUt).
b. the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule.
c. Na+and Cl~ in salt.
d. the two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen gas (H2).
e. Mg+and Cl- in MgCl2.
Name: ________________ ID: A
6. What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water?
a. All increase when temperature increases,
b. All are produced by ionic bonding.
c. All are properties related to hydrogen bonding,
d. All have to do with nonpolar covalent bonds.
e. C and D only
7. Which of the following is possible due to the high surface tension of water?
a. Lakes don't freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures,
b. A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond.
c. Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical
reactions.
d. Water can act as a solvent,
e. The pH of water remains exactly neutral.
8. Which bonds must be broken for water to vaporize?
a. ionic bonds b. nonpolar covalent bonds c. polar covalent bonds d. hydrogen bonds e. covalent bonds
9. Which property of the carbon atom gives it compatibility with a greater number of different elements than any other
type of atom?
a. Carbon has 6 to 8 neutrons, b. Carbon has a valence of 4. c. Carbon forms ionic bonds, d. A and C only e. A,
B, and C
10. What type(s) of bond(s) does carbon have a tendency to form?
a. ionic b. hydrogen c. covalent d. A and B only e. A, B, and C
11. A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is
true concerning this compound?
a. It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid.
b. It should dissolve in water,
c. It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent,
d. It won't form hydrogen bonds with water.
e. It is hydrophobic.
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
__
Which is the best description of a carbonyl group?
an oxygen joined to a carbon by a single covalent bond
a nitrogen and two hydrogens joined to a carbon by covalent bonds
a carbon joined to two hydrogens by single covalent bonds
a sulfur and a hydrogen joined to a carbon by covalent bonds
a carbon atom joined to an oxygen by a double covalent bond
13. What is the name of the functional group shown in the following figure?
a. carbonyl
b. ketone
c. aldehyde
d. carboxyl
e. hydroxyl
14. Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
a. ketone and aldehyde
b. carbonyl and carboxyl
c. carboxyl and amino
d. phosphate and sulfhydryl
e. hydroxyl and aldehyde
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
15. Which of the following is not one of the four major groups of macromolecules found in living organisms?
glucose
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16. A molecule with the chemical formula Ciel^Oig is probably a
carbohydrate.
lipid.
protein.
nucleic acid.
hydrocarbon.
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
17. Which of the following is (are) true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids?
They are insoluble in water.
They are an important constituent of cell membranes.
They contain twice as much energy as an equivalent weight of polysaccharide.
Only A and B are correct.
A, B, and C are correct.
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
18. A polypeptide can best be described as a
monomer of a protein polymer.
polymer containing 20 amino acid molecules.
polymer containing 19 peptide bonds.
polymer containing 20 peptide bonds.
polymer of amino acids.
__ 19. The 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties
because of different
a. carboxyl groups attached to an alpha (a) carbon
b. amino groups attached to an alpha (a) carbon
c. side chains (R groups).
d. alpha (a) carbons.
e. asymmetric carbons.
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
20. The tertiary structure of a protein is the
bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds,
order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain.
unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
organization of a polypeptide chain into an a helix or a pleated sheet,
overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits.
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
21. All of the following nitrogenous bases are found in DNA except
thymine.
adenine.
uracil.
guanine.
cytosine.
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22. Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
rough ER
lysosomes
plasmodesmata
Golgi vesicles
tight junctions
__ 23. The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following
statements correctly describes this polarity?
a. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side.
b. Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to
the other.
c. Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the
other.
d. Soluble proteins in the cistemae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side
of the Golgi to the other.
e. All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.
__ 24. Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane
system?
a. Golgi—>lysosome—>ER—>plasma membrane
b. tonoplast —>plasma membrane —>nuclear envelope —^-smooth ER
c. nuclear envelope ->lysosome —> Golgi —> plasma membrane
d. rough ER —> vesicles —» Golgi —> plasma membrane
e. ER —Jchloroplasts —> mitochondrion —>cell membrane
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25. Which of the following cell components is not directly involved in synthesis or secretion?
ribosome
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
Refer to the following jive terms to answer the following questions. Choose the most appropriate term for each
phrase. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. lysosome
B. vacuole
C. mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
E. peroxisome
26. produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E
27. helps to recycle the cell's organic material a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E
28. one of the main energy transformers of cells a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E
29. contains its own DNA and ribosomes a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E
30. a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E
31. Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include a. ribosomes. b. mitochondria. c.
chloroplasts. d. B and C only e. A, B, and C
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
32. Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
Enzymes decrease the free energy change of a reaction.
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction.
Enzymes change the direction of chemical reactions.
Enzymes are permanently altered by the reactions they catalyze.
Enzymes prevent changes in substrate concentrations.
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
33. Which of these statements regarding enzymes is false?
Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts.
Enzymes display specificity for certain molecules with which they interact.
Enzymes provide activation energy for the reactions they catalyze.
The activity of enzymes can be regulated by other molecules.
An enzyme may be used many times over for a specific reaction.
__ 34. What is the term used for the metabolic pathway in which glucose (C6Hi2O6) is degraded to carbon dioxide
(CO2) and water?
a. cellular respiration
b. glycolysis
c. fermentation
d. citric acid cycle
e. oxidative phosphorylation
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
35. Where does glycolysis takes place?
mitochondria! matrix
mitochondria! outer membrane
mitochondria! inner membrane
mitochondria! intermembrane space
cytosol
__ 36. The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
a. substrate-level phosphorylation.
b. electron transport.
c. photophosphorylation.
d. chemiosmosis.
e. oxidation of NADH to NAD+.
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
37. The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
glycolysis
accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
the citric acid cycle
the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl Co A
the phosphorylation of ADPto form ATP
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
38. Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (©2) is present or absent?
electron transport
glycolysis
the citric acid cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
chemiosmosis
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
39. A molecule that is phosphorylated
has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work.
has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work.
has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate.
has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate.
has less energy than before its phosphorylation and therefore less energy for cellular work.
__ 40. How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of
pyruvate?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. 10
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
41. All of the following are functions of the citric acid cycle except
production of ATP.
production of NADH.
production of FADH2.
release of carbon dioxide.
adding electrons and protons to oxygen, forming water.
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
42. Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following?
substrate-level phosphorylation
chemiosmotic phosphorylation
converting oxygen to ATP
transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate
e.
generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain
__
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43. Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
cytosol
mitochondria! outer membrane
mitochondria! inner membrane
mitochondria! intermembrane space
mitochondria! matrix
__ 44. During oxidative phosphorylation, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water
come
from?
a. carbon dioxide (CO2)
b. glucose (C6Hi2O6)
c. molecular oxygen (O2)
d. pyruvate (CaHsCv)
e. lactate (C3H5O3^)
__ 45. Cells are to tissues as tissues are to a. organs, b. membranes, c. organ systems, d. organelles. e.
organisms.
46. Which of the following tissues lines the kidney tubules? a. connective b.
epithelial e. adipose
47. Collagenous fibers are primarily found in what type of animal tissue? a.
nerve d. epithelial e. bone
smooth muscle c.
connective b.
nervous d.
striated muscle c.
48. What is stratified cuboidal epithelium composed of? a. several layers of box-like cells b. a hierarchical
arrangement of flat cells c. a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane d. an irregularly
arranged layer of pillar-like cells e. a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells
49.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Which statement best links the group of tissues known as connective tissue? A connective tissue will have
an extracellular matrix containing fibers,
a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate.
an epithelial origin.
relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix,
both A and B
50. What joins muscles to bones? a. ligaments b. tendons
c. loose connective tissue d. Haversian systems e. spindle fibers
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
51. Which of the following numbers represents a tissue found in tendons?
a.1
b.5
c.6
d.9
e.13
52. Which of the following numbers represents a tissue rich in fat?
a.1
b.5
c.6
d.9
e.13
53. Which of the following numbers represents chondrocytes? a. 3 b.
4 c.
8 d.
54. Which of the following numbers represents the location of osteocytes? a. 2 b.
10 e.
3 c.
12
8 d.
10 e.
12
55. Of the given organs, which is most dorsal in a human?
a. liver
b. stomach
c. heart
d. pancreas
56. Which bone is a flat bone?
a. tarsal
b. scapula
c. vertebrae
d. radius
57. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
a. stores blood
b. stores minerals
c. provides protection
d. provides support
58. What category of joint connects the skull plates?
a. synovial
b. cartilaginous
c. fibrous
59. What type of synovial joint exists between the metacarpals?
a. saddle
b. hinge
c. elliptical
d. pivot
60. Spiders have 12 appendages. What are they?
61. This organ breaks down old red blood cells, stores blood and produces white blood cells.
a. thyroid gland
b. liver
c. pancreas
d. spleen
62. Studying the human torso and dissecting frogs it becomes clear there are many more similarities than
differences. This type of study is called ________________________ and the similarities we saw suggest
___________________________.
63. The central support of the skeletal system is called the __________________________ while the appendages are
called the ____________________________.
64. A hole in the bone is called a ________________________. It is for . . .
65. What is each functional group?
-amino, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, sulfhydral, phosphate
66. Water sticking to other water = _______________________
67. Water sticking to other stuff =____________________
68. Water easily being sucked into porous things is = __________________________
69. The earth changes temperature very slowly because the 70% water covering it has
______________________
70. The stuff that holds together organs (like the folds of the small intestines) is called ___________
71. The small intestines parts in order.
72. The tubes that carry urine to the bladder = __________________
73. Where the mouth and the nose meet.
74. Enzymes function to reduce ______________________
75. A substance that an enzyme acts on.
76. An anabolic reaction we have studied in detail = _________________________
77. What are cristae?
78.The type of muscle tissue that are involuntary.
79. Located at the bottom of stratified epithelial tissue.
80. The stuff outside most connective tissue cells.
ID: A
Adv Bio Final Exam Practice Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: E
2. ANS: D
3. ANS: C
4. ANS: B
5. ANS: B
6. ANS: C
7. ANS: B
8. ANS: D
9. ANS: B
10. ANS: C
11. ANS: B
12. ANS: E
13. ANS: D
14. ANS: C
15. ANS: A
16. ANS: A
17. ANS: E
18. ANS: E
19. ANS: C
20. ANS: C
21. ANS: C
22. ANS: A
23. ANS: E
24. ANS: D
25. ANS: E
26. ANS: D
27. ANS: A
28. ANS: C
29. ANS: C
30. ANS: B
31. ANS: D
32. ANS: B
33. ANS: C
34. ANS: A
35. ANS: E
36. ANS: A
37. ANS: B
38. ANS: B
39. ANS: A
40. ANS: A
ID: A
41. ANS: E
42. ANS: B
43. ANS: C
44. ANS: C
45. ANS: A
46. ANS: D
47. ANS: A
48. ANS: A
49. ANS:
50. ANS:
51. ANS:
52. ANS:
53. ANS:
54. ANS:
D
B
A
B
E
D
55. ANS: D
56. B
57. A
58. C
59. B
60. 8 legs, 2 chelicerae and 2 pedipalps
61. D
62. comparative anatomy, common ancestry
63. axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton
64. foramen, blood vessels and nerves
65. NH2, OH, C=O, COOH, SH, PO4
66. cohesion
67. adhesion
68. imbition
69. High specific heat
70. mesentery
71. duodenum, jejunum, ileum
72. ureters
73. pharynx
74. activation energy
75. substrate
76. cellular respiration
77. Folds of the inner membrane in mitochondria
78. cardiac and smooth
79. basement membrane
80. matrix