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Name: ________________ Class: _____________ Date: ______ ID: A Intro to College Biology Final Exam Practice Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. _____ __ __ __ __ 1. Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level? a. organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism b. cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle c. organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ d. ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system e. molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere 2. About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? a. carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen b. carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen c. oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium d. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen e. carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium 3. A covalent chemical bond is one in which a. electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged. b. protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms. c. outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both atoms. d. outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the inner electron shells of another atom. e. the inner-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the outer shell of another atom. 4. The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? a. a covalent bond b. a hydrogen bond c. an ionic bond d. a hydrophilic bond e. a hydrophobic bond 5. An example of a hydrogen bond is the bond between a. C and H in methane (CUt). b. the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule. c. Na+and Cl~ in salt. d. the two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen gas (H2). e. Mg+and Cl- in MgCl2. Name: ________________ ID: A 6. What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water? a. All increase when temperature increases, b. All are produced by ionic bonding. c. All are properties related to hydrogen bonding, d. All have to do with nonpolar covalent bonds. e. C and D only 7. Which of the following is possible due to the high surface tension of water? a. Lakes don't freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures, b. A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond. c. Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. d. Water can act as a solvent, e. The pH of water remains exactly neutral. 8. Which bonds must be broken for water to vaporize? a. ionic bonds b. nonpolar covalent bonds c. polar covalent bonds d. hydrogen bonds e. covalent bonds 9. Which property of the carbon atom gives it compatibility with a greater number of different elements than any other type of atom? a. Carbon has 6 to 8 neutrons, b. Carbon has a valence of 4. c. Carbon forms ionic bonds, d. A and C only e. A, B, and C 10. What type(s) of bond(s) does carbon have a tendency to form? a. ionic b. hydrogen c. covalent d. A and B only e. A, B, and C 11. A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? a. It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. b. It should dissolve in water, c. It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent, d. It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. e. It is hydrophobic. 12. a. b. c. d. e. __ Which is the best description of a carbonyl group? an oxygen joined to a carbon by a single covalent bond a nitrogen and two hydrogens joined to a carbon by covalent bonds a carbon joined to two hydrogens by single covalent bonds a sulfur and a hydrogen joined to a carbon by covalent bonds a carbon atom joined to an oxygen by a double covalent bond 13. What is the name of the functional group shown in the following figure? a. carbonyl b. ketone c. aldehyde d. carboxyl e. hydroxyl 14. Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? a. ketone and aldehyde b. carbonyl and carboxyl c. carboxyl and amino d. phosphate and sulfhydryl e. hydroxyl and aldehyde __ a. b. c. d. e. 15. Which of the following is not one of the four major groups of macromolecules found in living organisms? glucose carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids __ a. b. c. d. e. 16. A molecule with the chemical formula Ciel^Oig is probably a carbohydrate. lipid. protein. nucleic acid. hydrocarbon. __ a. b. c. d. e. 17. Which of the following is (are) true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids? They are insoluble in water. They are an important constituent of cell membranes. They contain twice as much energy as an equivalent weight of polysaccharide. Only A and B are correct. A, B, and C are correct. __ a. b. c. d. e. 18. A polypeptide can best be described as a monomer of a protein polymer. polymer containing 20 amino acid molecules. polymer containing 19 peptide bonds. polymer containing 20 peptide bonds. polymer of amino acids. __ 19. The 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties because of different a. carboxyl groups attached to an alpha (a) carbon b. amino groups attached to an alpha (a) carbon c. side chains (R groups). d. alpha (a) carbons. e. asymmetric carbons. __ a. b. c. d. e. 20. The tertiary structure of a protein is the bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds, order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain. unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. organization of a polypeptide chain into an a helix or a pleated sheet, overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. __ a. b. c. d. e. 21. All of the following nitrogenous bases are found in DNA except thymine. adenine. uracil. guanine. cytosine. __ a. b. c. d. e. 22. Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? rough ER lysosomes plasmodesmata Golgi vesicles tight junctions __ 23. The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? a. Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. b. Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. c. Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. d. Soluble proteins in the cistemae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. e. All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function. __ 24. Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? a. Golgi—>lysosome—>ER—>plasma membrane b. tonoplast —>plasma membrane —>nuclear envelope —^-smooth ER c. nuclear envelope ->lysosome —> Golgi —> plasma membrane d. rough ER —> vesicles —» Golgi —> plasma membrane e. ER —Jchloroplasts —> mitochondrion —>cell membrane __ a. b. c. d. e. 25. Which of the following cell components is not directly involved in synthesis or secretion? ribosome rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi body smooth endoplasmic reticulum lysosome Refer to the following jive terms to answer the following questions. Choose the most appropriate term for each phrase. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome 26. produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 27. helps to recycle the cell's organic material a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 28. one of the main energy transformers of cells a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 29. contains its own DNA and ribosomes a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 30. a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 31. Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include a. ribosomes. b. mitochondria. c. chloroplasts. d. B and C only e. A, B, and C __ a. b. c. d. e. 32. Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true? Enzymes decrease the free energy change of a reaction. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction. Enzymes change the direction of chemical reactions. Enzymes are permanently altered by the reactions they catalyze. Enzymes prevent changes in substrate concentrations. __ a. b. c. d. e. 33. Which of these statements regarding enzymes is false? Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts. Enzymes display specificity for certain molecules with which they interact. Enzymes provide activation energy for the reactions they catalyze. The activity of enzymes can be regulated by other molecules. An enzyme may be used many times over for a specific reaction. __ 34. What is the term used for the metabolic pathway in which glucose (C6Hi2O6) is degraded to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water? a. cellular respiration b. glycolysis c. fermentation d. citric acid cycle e. oxidative phosphorylation __ a. b. c. d. e. 35. Where does glycolysis takes place? mitochondria! matrix mitochondria! outer membrane mitochondria! inner membrane mitochondria! intermembrane space cytosol __ 36. The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by a. substrate-level phosphorylation. b. electron transport. c. photophosphorylation. d. chemiosmosis. e. oxidation of NADH to NAD+. __ a. b. c. d. e. 37. The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? glycolysis accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain the citric acid cycle the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl Co A the phosphorylation of ADPto form ATP __ a. b. c. d. e. 38. Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (©2) is present or absent? electron transport glycolysis the citric acid cycle oxidative phosphorylation chemiosmosis __ a. b. c. d. e. 39. A molecule that is phosphorylated has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work. has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work. has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate. has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate. has less energy than before its phosphorylation and therefore less energy for cellular work. __ 40. How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10 __ a. b. c. d. e. 41. All of the following are functions of the citric acid cycle except production of ATP. production of NADH. production of FADH2. release of carbon dioxide. adding electrons and protons to oxygen, forming water. __ a. b. c. d. 42. Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following? substrate-level phosphorylation chemiosmotic phosphorylation converting oxygen to ATP transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate e. generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain __ a. b. c. d. e. 43. Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? cytosol mitochondria! outer membrane mitochondria! inner membrane mitochondria! intermembrane space mitochondria! matrix __ 44. During oxidative phosphorylation, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water come from? a. carbon dioxide (CO2) b. glucose (C6Hi2O6) c. molecular oxygen (O2) d. pyruvate (CaHsCv) e. lactate (C3H5O3^) __ 45. Cells are to tissues as tissues are to a. organs, b. membranes, c. organ systems, d. organelles. e. organisms. 46. Which of the following tissues lines the kidney tubules? a. connective b. epithelial e. adipose 47. Collagenous fibers are primarily found in what type of animal tissue? a. nerve d. epithelial e. bone smooth muscle c. connective b. nervous d. striated muscle c. 48. What is stratified cuboidal epithelium composed of? a. several layers of box-like cells b. a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells c. a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane d. an irregularly arranged layer of pillar-like cells e. a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells 49. a. b. c. d. e. Which statement best links the group of tissues known as connective tissue? A connective tissue will have an extracellular matrix containing fibers, a supporting material such as chondroitin sulfate. an epithelial origin. relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix, both A and B 50. What joins muscles to bones? a. ligaments b. tendons c. loose connective tissue d. Haversian systems e. spindle fibers Use the figure below to answer the following questions. 51. Which of the following numbers represents a tissue found in tendons? a.1 b.5 c.6 d.9 e.13 52. Which of the following numbers represents a tissue rich in fat? a.1 b.5 c.6 d.9 e.13 53. Which of the following numbers represents chondrocytes? a. 3 b. 4 c. 8 d. 54. Which of the following numbers represents the location of osteocytes? a. 2 b. 10 e. 3 c. 12 8 d. 10 e. 12 55. Of the given organs, which is most dorsal in a human? a. liver b. stomach c. heart d. pancreas 56. Which bone is a flat bone? a. tarsal b. scapula c. vertebrae d. radius 57. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? a. stores blood b. stores minerals c. provides protection d. provides support 58. What category of joint connects the skull plates? a. synovial b. cartilaginous c. fibrous 59. What type of synovial joint exists between the metacarpals? a. saddle b. hinge c. elliptical d. pivot 60. Spiders have 12 appendages. What are they? 61. This organ breaks down old red blood cells, stores blood and produces white blood cells. a. thyroid gland b. liver c. pancreas d. spleen 62. Studying the human torso and dissecting frogs it becomes clear there are many more similarities than differences. This type of study is called ________________________ and the similarities we saw suggest ___________________________. 63. The central support of the skeletal system is called the __________________________ while the appendages are called the ____________________________. 64. A hole in the bone is called a ________________________. It is for . . . 65. What is each functional group? -amino, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, sulfhydral, phosphate 66. Water sticking to other water = _______________________ 67. Water sticking to other stuff =____________________ 68. Water easily being sucked into porous things is = __________________________ 69. The earth changes temperature very slowly because the 70% water covering it has ______________________ 70. The stuff that holds together organs (like the folds of the small intestines) is called ___________ 71. The small intestines parts in order. 72. The tubes that carry urine to the bladder = __________________ 73. Where the mouth and the nose meet. 74. Enzymes function to reduce ______________________ 75. A substance that an enzyme acts on. 76. An anabolic reaction we have studied in detail = _________________________ 77. What are cristae? 78.The type of muscle tissue that are involuntary. 79. Located at the bottom of stratified epithelial tissue. 80. The stuff outside most connective tissue cells. ID: A Adv Bio Final Exam Practice Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: E 2. ANS: D 3. ANS: C 4. ANS: B 5. ANS: B 6. ANS: C 7. ANS: B 8. ANS: D 9. ANS: B 10. ANS: C 11. ANS: B 12. ANS: E 13. ANS: D 14. ANS: C 15. ANS: A 16. ANS: A 17. ANS: E 18. ANS: E 19. ANS: C 20. ANS: C 21. ANS: C 22. ANS: A 23. ANS: E 24. ANS: D 25. ANS: E 26. ANS: D 27. ANS: A 28. ANS: C 29. ANS: C 30. ANS: B 31. ANS: D 32. ANS: B 33. ANS: C 34. ANS: A 35. ANS: E 36. ANS: A 37. ANS: B 38. ANS: B 39. ANS: A 40. ANS: A ID: A 41. ANS: E 42. ANS: B 43. ANS: C 44. ANS: C 45. ANS: A 46. ANS: D 47. ANS: A 48. ANS: A 49. ANS: 50. ANS: 51. ANS: 52. ANS: 53. ANS: 54. ANS: D B A B E D 55. ANS: D 56. B 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. 8 legs, 2 chelicerae and 2 pedipalps 61. D 62. comparative anatomy, common ancestry 63. axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton 64. foramen, blood vessels and nerves 65. NH2, OH, C=O, COOH, SH, PO4 66. cohesion 67. adhesion 68. imbition 69. High specific heat 70. mesentery 71. duodenum, jejunum, ileum 72. ureters 73. pharynx 74. activation energy 75. substrate 76. cellular respiration 77. Folds of the inner membrane in mitochondria 78. cardiac and smooth 79. basement membrane 80. matrix