Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 6 and 15.1-15.3 Study Guide NAME:__________________________________________________________ Microbiology BI234 Do to past cheating on study guides these guides MUST be written and will not be accepted as a typed document. What is the difference between macronutrients, micronutrients, and trace elements? Give examples of each. What are the two most predominant components of the cell? Fill in the chart below: Category Photoautotroph Chemoautotroph Photoheterotroph Chemoheterotroph Saprobe Parasite What are the essential nutrients for microbes? What is the importance of each in the cell? Energy Source Carbon Source Example Describe diffusion in detail. Include the physics behind it, ie. what are the molecules doing? What is a selectively permeable membrane? Draw what happens to a cell when you put it into hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions. What help protect bacteria from this osmotic pressure? Page 1 of 6 Explain what could happen if IV fluids are not isotonic to the patient. What is the difference between active and passive transport? What is endocytosis? What is being transported? What is phagocytosis? What is being transported and what cell carry this out? What is pinocytosis? What is being transported? Environmental factors affect the microbes that live there. What is being affected most in the cell from these environmental factors? What is the definition of cardinal temperatures for bacteria? Some bacteria have narrow cardinal temperatures, some broad. How might a broad cardinal temperature range help a pathogen? Fill in the chart below: Temp range Habitat Temperature growth group Psychrophiles Psychrotrophs Mesophile Thermophile Extreme Thermophile What atmospheric gases most influence microbial growth? A microbe’s relationship with oxygen falls into one of three categories: Example 1. 2. 3. Page 2 of 6 Why must a microbe be able to process oxygen to live in the presence of it? Describe how most microbes neutralize oxygen. What 2 enzymes are important for this? Oxygen pattern Oxygen exposure Fill in the chart below: Example Description or drawing of culture appearance Aerobes Microaerophiles Facultative anaerobes Anaerobes Aerotolerent anaerobes How can pH be damaging to cells? Give an example of both an acidophile and alkinophile and explain why their nitch requires this adaptation. How do variation is osmoic pressure effect microbes? How do we use osmotic pressure to control microbial growth in some food types? What effect does radiation have on the cell? What is symbiosis? What is the difference between the following: Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism? What is antagonism? What is an example? What is synergism? What is an example? Page 3 of 6 What are the steps of building a biofilm? How is a biofilm important to the organisms inhabiting it? What is quorum sensing? Describe the steps of binary fission. How does this contribute to exponential growth? Define generation time. What is a colony forming unit (CFU)? Draw the population growth curve of bacteria: Fill in the chart below: Growth phase Lag phase Explanation of what is occurring during phase Description or drawing of culture Exponential growth phase Stationary phase Death phase Explain why a person shedding bacteria early in an infection is more likely to infect others than a person shedding later in an infection. Page 4 of 6 Fill in the chart below: Counting method Explanation Pros and Cons Counting living and/or dead cells? Turbidity Direct Counting Genetic Probing Sections 15.1-15.3 Fill in the chart below about methods of microbial ID Type of testing Description: Phenotypic Geneotype Immunological Describe the following Microscopic Morphology: phenotypic methods of Identifying bacteria. Macroscopic Morphology: Physiological/Biochemical Characteristics: Chemical Analysis: Why does resident microflora need to be considered when collecting patient samples? Describe the benefits of selective and differential media when identifying the source of an infection. What is biochemical testing actually testing? (Biochemical is not the answer) What are some of the most often used types of biochemical tests? Page 5 of 6 Describe phage testing. What is one way to determine if an isolated specimen is clinically important? ***Understanding of the underlined terms in this document is needed to succeed in this class. To further study these terms do one of the following: Make flash cards of all terms Make a concept map of all terms (if you don’t know what this is look it up on Wikipedia) Write out definitions of all terms Or come up with your own way of studying these terms. Just make sure to ok it with me to make sure you’ll get your extra credit. This must be turned in attached to this study guide at the time the study guide is due!!!! What’s working well and what’s a suggestion to help things work better? Page 6 of 6