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Chapter 5 Mental and Emotional Problems I. Dealing with Anxiety and Depression a. Anxiety – the condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen b. Depression – a prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness i. Warning signs of depression 1. persistent sad or irritable mood 2. loss of interest in activities once enjoyed 3. significant change in appetite or body weight 4. difficulty sleeping or oversleeping 5. physical signs of nervousness 6. loss of energy 7. feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt 8. difficulty concentrating 9. recurrent thoughts of death or suicide ii. Causes & Effects of Depression 1. changes in thinking 2. changes in feelings: apathy – a lack of strong feeling, interest, or concern 3. changes in behaviors iii. Depression is treatable II. Mental Disorders a. Mental disorder – an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life b. Stigma – a mark of shame or disapproval that results in an individual being shunned or rejected by others c. Mental disorders ARE medical conditions that require diagnosis and treatment. d. Types of Mental Disorders i. Anxiety disorder - a condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control 1. one of the most common problems among children and teens 2. people with anxiety disorders try to avoid situations that make them feel anxious or fearful Anxiety Disorders Phobia A strong irrational fear of something Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Persistent thoughts, fears, or urges (obsessions) leading to uncontrollable repetitive behaviors (compulsions) Panic Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Generalized Anxiety Disorder Attacks of sudden, unexplained feelings of terror – “panic attack” A condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event. May have flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, guilt Exaggerated worry and tension for no reason. People are startled easily and have difficulty concentrating, relaxing, or sleeping ii. Impulse Control Disorders 1. cannot resist the urge to hurt themselves or others 2. typically cause physical harm or financial harm 3. disorder starts in childhood Kleptomania Cutting Pyromania Excessive gambling Compulsive shopping Impulse Control Disorders Unplanned theft of objects Repetitive cutting on parts of the body that can be hidden Setting fires to feel pleasure or release tension Continuing to gamble despite heavy losses Spending money on items you can’t afford and don’t need iii. Eating disorders 1. common in teen years 2. types a. anorexia nervosa b. bulimia nervosa c. binge eating iv. Mood disorders – illness, often with an organic cause, that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living 1. Clinical depression – sadness, hopelessness, despair that lasts more than 1 month; interferes with daily activities 2. Bipolar disorder – manic/depression, often inherited v. Conduct disorder – a pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated 1. Males > females 2. Lying, theft, aggression, violence, arson 3. Usually associated with low self esteem vi. Schizophrenia 1. person looses contact with reality 2. “split mind” 3. behave inappropriate, withdrawal, hallucinate vii. Personality disorder 1. unable to regulate their emotions 2. Anti-social disorder – conflict with society; cruel, uncaring, irresponsible, impulsive 3. Borderline personality – experience troubled relationships; high-risk activity, poor self esteem, fear abandonment, frequently lash out violently at people they need most 4. Passive aggressive – uncooperative, resent being told what to do, but rely on others for direction III. Suicide Prevention a. Alienation – feeling isolated/separated from everyone b. Suicide – the act of intentionally taking one’s life i. 3rd leading cause of death for teens 15-19 ii. Each year 17% or all teens 15-19 will consider suicide iii. More than ½ (50%) will attempt c. Risk factors i. More than 90% are suffering from depression or another mental disorder or have a history of abusing alcohol and other drugs ii. Abuse – substance, sexual, emotional, physical iii. Prior attempts d. Cluster suicides – a series of suicides occurring within a short period of time and involving several people in the same school or community e. Helping others i. Initiate meaningful conversation ii. Show support and ask questions iii. Persuade to get help IV. Getting Help a. When Help Is Needed i. Feel trapped with no way out, or worry all the time ii. Feelings affect activities of daily living iii. Family and friends express concern about you iv. Becoming involved with drugs and alcohol v. Becoming violent or aggressive b. Professional Help i. Psychiatrist – MD, Dx/Rx mental disorders, prescribe medication ii. Neurologist – MD, organic disorders of the brain iii. Clinical psychologist – Dx/Rx emotional and behavioral disorders, can not medicate iv. Counselors – help with educational and personal matters v. Psychiatric social worker – fieldworker in a mental hospital vi. School psychologist – specialize in assessment of learning, emotional, and behavioral problems of school children c. Therapy methods i. Psychotherapy – ongoing dialogue between a patient and a mental health professional ii. Behavior therapy – treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements iii. Cognitive therapy – treatment method designed to ID and correct distorted thinking patterns that can lead to feelings and behaviors that may be troublesome, self-defeating, or selfdestructive iv. Family therapy – helping the family function in more positive and constructive ways v. Group therapy – treating a group of people who have similar problems who meet regularly with a trained counselor vi. Drug therapy - use of certain medications to treat or reduce symptoms