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Third Quarter - End of Quarter Exam Study Guide Physical Science Co s# 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Question 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. How are electrons in an atom organized? Which subatomic particles in an atom have a negative charge? Which subatomic particles in an atom have a positive charge? Which subatomic particles in an atom have no charge? Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? Where are electrons located in an atom? Who was the Greek philosopher responsible for naming the atom? What are the particles that make up an atom? 2.0 9. 2.0 3.4 10. 11. 3.0 12. Who proposed that all atoms are small, hard particles made of a single material formed into different shapes and sizes? Which two subatomic particles have the greatest mass? An element that is a very reactive gas is most likely a member of which group or period on the periodic table? Using the periodic table; how is the number of electrons in an atom determined? 3.0 3.0 3.0 13. 14. 15. 3.0 3.0 3.0 16. 17. 18. 3.0 3.0 3.0 19. 20. 21. 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 3.2 3.2 37. 38. Using the periodic table; how is the number of protons in an atom determined? Which group of elements do not normally form chemical bonds? Based on the number of valence electrons, which of the following elements is the most reactive: Li, Be, B, Ne? How many electrons does a nitrogen (N) atom contain? How many protons does an argon (Ar) atom contain? How many neutrons does the most commonly occurring form of a potassium (K) atom contain? What are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons called? Two isotopes of carbon are carbon-12 and carbon-14. How do these isotopes differ? Given a diagram of an element from the periodic table, find atomic mass. On the periodic table, what is a column of elements called? How many elements are in the first period of the periodic table? On the periodic table, what is a row of elements is called? What are Groups 3–12 on the periodic table called? Determine an element based using the period and the group number. What is the name of group 13 on the periodic table? What is the name of group 18 on the periodic table? An atom’s identity is determined by which subatomic particle? In what period is calcium (Ca) located? Find the number of protons given the group number and period. Which of the following elements are halogens: What is the name of group 16 on the periodic table? Locate elements by period number. How many electrons can the second energy level closest to the nucleus hold? What is the smallest particle of an element called that has the chemical properties of that element? What type of charge do atoms have? What subatomic particle does the atomic number of an atom represent? Answer In energy levels electrons protons neutrons Proton & neutron Electron cloud Democritus Protons, neutrons, electrons Dalton Proton and neutron halogen Atomic number Atomic number Noble gases Li 7 18 20 isotopes By two neutrons The atomic mass is the bottom number Group or family 2 period Transition metals Boron group Nobel gases proton 4 Fluorine and chlorine Oxygen group eight atom neutral protons 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. What two subatomic particles are used to determine mass number? What must the number of electrons equal in an atom? What items are contained in the nucleus of an atom? What is the smallest subatomic particle of an atom? How many electrons can the first energy level of an atom hold? What type of charge does a proton have? What type of charge does a neutron have? What are the three main subatomic particles of an atom? 3.2 47. Given a Bohr diagram of an atom determine the atomic number. 3.3 48. Describe the amount of electrons in the outer energy level of a noble gas? 3.3 49. Why do elements in a family or group in the periodic table often share similar properties? 3.3 3.3 50. 51. 3.3 52. 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 3.4 62. What element is a gas at room temperature, and has six electrons in its outer level? Which of the following groups have a complete set of valance electrons in their outer energy level? How many valance electrons do atoms of elements in the same group as oxygen have in their outer level? Which element has a full outermost energy level containing only two electrons? How many valence electrons does nitrogen have? Oxygen (O) is in Group 16. How many valence electrons does oxygen have? Sodium (Na) is in Group 1. How many valence electrons does sodium have? Carbon (C) is in Group 14. How many valence electrons does carbon have? Potassium (K) is in Group 1. How many valence electrons does potassium have? Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17. How many valence electrons does chlorine have? Where are valence electrons located within an atom? Given the classes metals, metalloids, gases and nonmetals, what class contains the most elements on the periodic table? Where are metalloids located on a periodic table? 3.4 63. Which element is a metal on the periodic table: 3.4 64. Which element is a nonmetal on the periodic table: 3.4 65. Which element is a metalloid on the periodic table: 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 5.0 5.0 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. Which class of elements has no luster, and is a poor conductor? Which elements are strong conductors of electricity? What elements have some properties of metals and nonmetals? What are elements in group 18 called? Where are the most active metals located on the periodic table? Which elements are transition metals? What nonmetal can exist as diamond, graphite, and charcoal? What nonmetal is located in group 1 of the periodic table? Which pair of atoms can form an ionic bond? What subatomic particle is the most important in determining how an atom will bond? 5.0 5.0 76. 77. 5.0 78. What type of bond occurs between oppositely charged ions? What type of bond occurs when the force of attraction is between the nuclei of atoms and the electrons shared by the atoms? What type of bond holds together a neutral group of atoms? Protons and neutrons protons Protons and neutrons electrons 2 positive neutron Protons, neutrons, electrons Count the positive charges in the nucleus A complete set of electrons Their atoms have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level. oxygen Nobel gases 6 helium 5 6 1 4 1 7 Outer energy level metals Between the metals and nonmetals Metals are left of the zigzag line. Nonmetals are right of the zigzag line. Metalloids border (touch) the zigzag line. nonmetals metals metalloids Nobel gases Lower left Groups 3-12 carbon hydrogen Potassium and fluorine Electrons in the outermost energy level Ionic bond Covalent bond Covalent 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. Determine the correct electron-dot diagram for various elements. What is the charge of a potassium ion that has 19 protons and 18 electrons? What is the correct formula for sodium chloride? What is the correct formula for calcium fluoride? What is the charge of an ion that contains 16 protons and 18 electrons? What do atoms gain, lose or share when they bond? Why don’t noble gases normally form chemical bonds? 5.0 86. What is the charge of an aluminum ion that has 13 protons and 10 electrons? 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. Lithium 7 (Li) has what mass number? The family of “salt-producing” elements is known as what? An atom which has more neutrons than protons is called what? What is a nonmetal halogen family with an atomic mass of 35? An atom which loses an electron changes it’s name to what? What is the molecular mass of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)? What is the octet rule, where atoms want to become stable? 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. How many different elements are in the compound sodium carbonate? (Na2CO3) How many atoms are in the compound sodium carbonate? (Na2CO3) Which energy level contains electrons with the least amount of energy? PO5 is the chemical formula for what compound? CO is the chemical formula for what compound? Nitrogen Tribromide is compound formed through what type of bond? The number of electrons an atom gains or loses with it’s corresponding charge when bonding is called what? 1+ NaCl CaF2 2electrons Have a full outermost energy level 3+ 10 Halogens Isotope Chlorine Cation 44 Atoms want 8 valence electrons 3 6 K Phosphorous pentoxide Carbon monoxide Covalent Oxidation Number