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AP Biology Guided Reading Chapter 27 Name __________________________ 1. Define the following terms (for the structures, include what they do for the bacteria) a. Peptidoglycan b. Gram positive c. Gram negative Why do bacteria have cell walls? d. Capsule e. Pili f. Plasmids g. Endospores 2. Complete the following table Energy Source Photoautotroph Chemoautotroph Photoheterotroph Chemoheterotroph Carbon Source Examples 3. How do these pictures support the theory of the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Why are these cells so wrinkly? 4. Compare and contrast: a. Aerobes vs Anaerobes b. Obligate vs Faculatatitve 5. What is this a picture of? 6. Molecular Classification (systematics): How did we classify prokaryotes in the old days? 7. How do we classify them now? 8. When we developed these new techniques, how did our view of diversity of life on Earth change? What is hard to accept about the diagram below? 9. Archaea vs Eubacteria vs Eukaryotes: These are the important points to remember (comparing and contrasting the 3 domains was an essay question a few years ago). Feature Eubacteria Archaea Eukaryotes Nuclear Envelope (Nucleus) Membrane enclosed organelles Peptidoglycan in cell walls RNA polymerase Introns Antibiotics Histones Shape of chromosome Can live in boiling water 10. How are Eubacteria and Archaea similar? 11. How are Archaea and Eukarya similar? 12. We now classify three types of Archaea. Describe the three types Halophiles Thermophiles Methanogens 13. Roles Prokaryotes Play: For each role summarize what proK’s or give one example of a proK in action Chemical Recycling: Symbiotic Relationships: Pathogens: Also compare Endotoxin and Exotoxin: Research and Technology: BIG IDEAS: If all prokaryotes were wiped off the face of the Earth, life would stop. Defend this statement What are a few reasons we know so little about prokaryotes? Prokaryotes are more diverse, more specialized, and more efficient than Eukaryotes. Defend this statement. What is horizontal gene transfer? Why are bacteria and viruses the only known organisms capable of horizontal gene transfer?
