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Download Science Review: Land Formations (Rocks, Minerals, Soil, etc
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Transcript
Science Review: Land Formations (Rocks, Minerals, Soil, etc.) Rocks Are classified according to the way they form: 1. Igneous: formed from melted rock: magma/lava that has cooled 2. Metamorphic: squeezed and heated to high temperatures, when it cools and hardens it becomes metamorphic rock 3. Sedimentary: layers of clay, sand, mud, rock are squeezed together and solidify Minerals Materials in Earth’s crust made of crystals Properties: Color Luster- shiny-ness Streak- color of the powder when rubbed Hardness- what can scratch it? Soil Broken down rocks, minerals, decaying plants and animal matter Humus- layer of decaying plants, animals and animal matter (like scat/waste) 3 layers of soil: Topsoil: humus is found here Subsoil: minerals, clay, sediment washed out of topsoil or broken down bedrock Bedrock: bottom rocky layer Weathering and Erosion Weathering- breaking down of rocks into smaller rocks- sediment ~water (flowing, waves, rain, etc.) ~ice ~wind ~roots of plants Erosion- moving sediment away (washing away) Deposition- putting new sediments in place Forms: beaches Dunes Deltas Example: A friend lives on Marblehead Neck and has a private beach at the water line. After a storm, the sand is not there! It is all rocks! It has been washed away- this is erosion. That sand was swept over and dumped by the water onto Devereux Beach- this is deposition. Earth Forms Mountains- form when plates push together, fold or crack Volcanoes- formed from magma (inside the Earth) erupting out to become lava (on top of surface). Can also throw rocks, boulders, ash and hot gasses Earthquakes- sudden shaking movement of the ground made from plates of Earth moving Fault- cracks in the Earth’s crust.