Download CH 10 Genetics: Vocabulary terms

CH 10 Genetics—Vocabulary Terms
1. ________________: the passing on of characteristics from parents to
offspring through genes
2. ________________: characteristics that are inherited
3. ________________: a section on DNA that carries the information on
what type of protein to make
4. ________________: the branch of biology that studies heredity
5. ________________: male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells
6. ________________: when the male gamete unites with the female
gamete to form a zygote
7. ________________: a fertilized, single cell formed by the fusion of the
male and female sex cells; later becomes an embryo
8. ________________: transfer of pollen (male gametes) from a male
reproductive organ to a female reproductive organ in a plant
9. ________________: when only one trait is compared, like eye color
10. ________________: when two traits are compared at a time, like eye
color and hair color
11. ________________: the different forms of a single gene—eye color
has brown, blue, and green alleles
12. ________________: when an organism has inherited different alleles
from each parent (1 allele for brown eyes, 1 for blue)
13. ________________: when an organism has inherited the same alleles
from each parent (2 alleles for brown eyes)
14. ________________: “stronger” trait that shows up when the dominant
allele is present; represented by a capital letter
15. ________________: “weaker” trait that shows up only when the
dominant allele is not present; represented by a lowercase letter
16. ________________: states that every organism has 2 alleles of each
gene
17. ________________: the physical appearance of an organism—what
you can see
18. ________________: genetic makeup of an organism—what you
usually cannot see
19. ________________: when 2 alleles for a trait are the same
20. ________________: when 2 alleles for a trait are not the same
21. ________________: states that genes for different traits are inherited
independently of each other—they don’t control each other
CH 10 Genetics—Vocabulary Terms
1. ________________: the passing on of characteristics from parents to
offspring through genes
2. ________________: characteristics that are inherited
3. ________________: a section on DNA that carries the information on
what type of protein to make
4. ________________: the branch of biology that studies heredity
5. ________________: male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells
6. ________________: when the male gamete unites with the female
gamete to form a zygote
7. ________________: a fertilized, single cell formed by the fusion of the
male and female sex cells; later becomes an embryo
8. ________________: transfer of pollen (male gametes) from a male
reproductive organ to a female reproductive organ in a plant
9. ________________: when only one trait is compared, like eye color
10. ________________: when two traits are compared at a time, like eye
color and hair color
11. ________________: the different forms of a single gene—eye color
has brown, blue, and green alleles
12. ________________: when an organism has inherited different alleles
from each parent (1 allele for brown eyes, 1 for blue)
13. ________________: when an organism has inherited the same alleles
from each parent (2 alleles for brown eyes)
14. ________________: “stronger” trait that shows up when the dominant
allele is present; represented by a capital letter
15. ________________: “weaker” trait that shows up only when the
dominant allele is not present; represented by a lowercase letter
16. ________________: states that every organism has 2 alleles of each
gene
17. ________________: the physical appearance of an organism—what
you can see
18. ________________: genetic makeup of an organism—what you
usually cannot see
19. ________________: when 2 alleles for a trait are the same
20. ________________: when 2 alleles for a trait are not the same
21. ________________: states that genes for different traits are inherited
independently of each other—they don’t control each other
CH 10 Genetics—Vocabulary Terms
1. heredity: the passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring
through genes
2. traits: characteristics that are inherited
3. genes: a section on DNA that carries the information on what type of
protein to make
4. genetics: the branch of biology that studies heredity
5. gamete: male and female sex cells; male = sperm, female =egg
6. fertilization: when the male gamete unites with the female gamete to
form a zygote
7. zygote: a fertilized, single cell formed by the fusion of the male and
female sex cells; later becomes an embryo
8. pollination: transfer of pollen (male gametes) from a male reproductive
organ to a female reproductive organ in a plant
9. monohybrid cross: when only one trait is compared, like eye color
10.dihybrid cross: when two traits are compared at a time, like eye color
and hair color
11.allele: the different forms of a single gene—eye color has brown, blue,
and green alleles
12.hybrid: when an organism has inherited different alleles from each
parent (1 allele for brown eyes, 1 for blue)
13.purebred: when an organism has inherited the same alleles from each
parent (2 alleles for brown eyes)
14.dominant: “stronger” trait that shows up when the dominant allele is
present; represented by a capital letter
15.recessive: “weaker” trait that shows up only when the dominant allele is
not present; represented by a lowercase letter
16.law of segregation: states that every organism has 2 alleles of each
gene
17.phenotype: the physical appearance of an organism—what you can see
18.genotype: genetic makeup of an organism—what you usually cannot
see
19.homozygous: when 2 alleles for a trait are the same
20.heterozygous: when 2 alleles for a trait are not the same
21.law of independent assortment: states that genes for different traits are
inherited independently of each other—they don’t control each other
Heredity
Law of Independent Assortment
Heterozygous
Genes
Genotype
Homozygous
Phenotype
Law of Segregation
Genetics
Gamete
Dominant
Hybrid
Pollination
Zygote
Monohybrid Cross
Traits
Purebred
Fertilization
Recessive
Allele
Dihybrid Cross