Download BIOLOGY Chapter 11: DNA and the Language of Life Name: Section

BIOLOGY
Chapter 11: DNA and the Language of Life
Name:________________________
Section Goal: The student will describe Griffith’s experiments and conclusion, describe Avery’s experiments
and conclusion and explain how experiments with viral DNA further supported Avery’s conclusion.
Vocabulary:
1. virus
2. bacteriophage
3. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
4. nitrogenous base
5. pyrimidine
6. purine
7. double helix
Concept 11.1 Genes are made of DNA
A. Frederick Griffith studying _______________ strains of ___________________________.
1) One strain ______________ to mice, while other strain harmless
2) Griffith’s experiment
a. Strain 1 injected = mouse ______________
b. Strain 2 injected = mouse ________________
c. Heat treated Strain 1 = mouse ____________________
d. Mixture of Strain 2 and Heat treated Strain 1 = mouse _______________
3) Harmless ____________________________ had been “transformed” becoming deadly
B. Avery shows _______________ is the transforming factor
1) Attention was focused on ________________types of chemicals: protein and DNA
a. Scientists already knew that chromosomes consist of DNA and _________________________
2) Avery took Griffith’s experiment one-step farther.
a. Treated mixture of ____________________ treated deadly strain and ___________ harmless
strain with protein destroying enzymes
i. Bacterial strains still transformed
ii. Conclusion was protein __________________________ be transforming factor
b. Next, treated mixture with DNA destroying enzymes
i. This time colonies __________________________ to transform
ii. Avery concluded DNA is genetic material of the cell
C. Virus experiments provide more evidence
1) Many _______________________________ still skeptical after Avery’s findings
a. Protein has ___________________ complexity (20 different amino acid building blocks)
b. DNA _______________complexity (4 nucleotide building blocks) “too simple”
2) Hershey and Chase experiment using __________________________
a. Virus- package of ___________________________ acid wrapped in protein coat
b. Bacteriophage- (AKA-phage) _________________________ that infects bacteria
c. Virus (phage) they worked with had ____________ basic components: DNA on inside and coat
made of protein on outside
d. Use of ___________________________ sulfur for protein coat and radioactive phosphorus for
DNA for the phages
e. Radioactivity was detected ________________________ the infected bacteria for protein but
inside the infected bacteria for the DNA
f. Conclusion: DNA must carry genetic information responsible for producing ___________ phages
Section Goal: The student will identify the building blocks of DNA and describe DNA’s structure and the
rules for base pairing in DNA.
Concept 11.2 Nucleic acids store information in their sequences of chemical units
A. People involved with discovering DNA’s ______________________________
1. Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins –__________________, photographs of the DNA molecule using
X-ray crystallography which showed the shape to be a ____________________
2.Erwin Chargaff – 1951, proved that the % of A = T and % of G = C
3. James Watson & Francis Crick – 1953, used ____________________ from the other scientists and built
models to finally figure out the ________________________ structure of DNA…. 1962 won the nobel prize in
Medicine/Physiology
B. DNA’s Structure- see drawing
1. DNA Structure
a.
DNA is a ________________ _________________ (twisted ladder) made of subunits called nucleotides
b.
4 different nucleotides Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
*_____________________________________ are made of 3 parts
5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
c.
The sides of the double _______________________ are made of alternating sugars and phosphate
groups, the rungs of the double helix are made of _______________________________________ bases
Complementary Base Pairs in making the double helix
A pairs with T
G pairs with C
Lesson Reflection:
 The Double Helix (17 min short film) Howard Hughes Medical Institute
 Complete the drawing of a piece of DNA on the handout provided. Color and label the diagram and
then answer the three questions at the bottom of that page. Use pages 229 – 231 to help guide you.
Lesson Assessment:
1. What did Avery’s experiments add to the knowledge gained from Griffith’s experiments?
2. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? What parts make up the backbone of a DNA strand?
3. List the two base pairs found in DNA.
Summary of Key concepts: Summary of Key Concepts for 11.1 and 11.2
Technology/Application/Connection to real-world:
Learn 360 Video: Gene Technology, Part I (20 min)