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Transcript
Topo. Tubs Name: ___________________ Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tub Number: _____________ ___________________ Earth Science Indicator #11. Use models to analyze the size and shape of Earth, its surface and its interior (e.g., globes, topographic maps, satellite images). Through the use of various technologies, scientists have been able to create topographic maps of the oceans’ floors called bathymetric maps. Oceanographers have discovered that the bottom of the ocean is not a flat, sandy plain. Based on their measurements, ocean scientists have been able to detect and name many features of the ocean floor that are similar to features on land. For example, a seamount is a “mountain” on the sea floor, an ocean ridge is a “mountain range” deep under the ocean’s surface, and a trench is a deep gorge in the ocean floor and includes the deepest spots on Earth. Maps of the ocean floor are created by instruments on or towed behind ships. A major advance in ocean-floor mapping is called sonar. This technology was invented during WWI to detect submarines. These instruments emit sound pulses that bounce off objects and return to the instrument. The velocity of sound is known so an accurate distance can be calculated. There are many reasons scientists are interested in creating a depth profile of the ocean. Some of these reasons include: Locating biological habitats Locating suitable places to place communication lines Locating oil Learn how geological processes shape the sea floor Your topographic map has a contour interval of 10 meters. This means every centimeter is equal to 10 meters of depth. Use this information to answer questions 1 and 2. 1. Using the above scale, what was the deepest depth of your “ocean”? ______________ 2. What was the shallowest depth of your “ocean”? _______________ 3. In this activity, a length of the dowel was used to represent the depth of the water. How is water depth actually determined using a precision depth recorder? _______________________________________________________ __________ 4. Name and explain how an animal uses “echoing” sound waves to survive. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ____________________ 5. What would the pegboard surface of the tub represent in the real world? __________ 6. Why would a submarine need a very precise depth recorder? (ask about shadow zones) _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ____________________ During the time of Christopher Columbus’ voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, the only tools available for sailors to measure ocean depth were a rope and a heavy stone or lead ball often called the “lead line”. In the Mississippi River a “sounding pole” was used to ensure safe navigation for steamboats along the Mississippi River. A sounding pole was a long pole with marks to show depth. 7. How were these items used to get the needed information? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ____________________ 8. What is the disadvantage of using this system? What has replaced the lead line and sounding pole? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ____________________ 9. Could a depth recorder have helped the crew of the Titanic? Explain why or why not. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ____________________ 10. The velocity of sound in water is 1400m/s. What is the water depth if it takes 12 seconds for a sound pulse to travel to the bottom and return to the surface? Show your work!! Use the special graph paper to make a map or profile of your “ocean” floor. Once your map is complete, compare it to the model. Remove the pegboard top and compare your map with the surface it was meant to represent. 11. How does your map compare to the model? How accurate was your map? 12. How could the accuracy of your map have been improved? Depth Site A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 Measurement m Depth Site D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 Measurement m Depth Site G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 Measurement (m) Topo. Tubs Name: ___________________ Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tub Number: _____________ ___________________ Earth Science Indicator #11. Use models to analyze the size and shape of Earth, its surface and its interior (e.g., globes, topographic maps, satellite images). Through the use of various technologies, scientists have been able to create topographic maps of the oceans’ floors called bathymetric maps. Oceanographers have discovered that the bottom of the ocean is not a flat, sandy plain. Based on their measurements, ocean scientists have been able to detect and name many features of the ocean floor that are similar to features on land. For example, a seamount is a “mountain” on the sea floor, an ocean ridge is a “mountain range” deep under the ocean’s surface, and a trench is a deep gorge in the ocean floor and includes the deepest spots on Earth. Maps of the ocean floor are created by instruments on or towed behind ships. A major advance in ocean-floor mapping is called sonar. This technology was invented during WWI to detect submarines. These instruments emit sound pulses that bounce off objects and return to the instrument. The velocity of sound is known so an accurate distance can be calculated. There are many reasons scientists are interested in creating a depth profile of the ocean. Some of these reasons include: Locating biological habitats Locating suitable places to place communication lines Locating oil Learn how geological processes shape the sea floor Your topographic map has a contour interval of 10 meters. This means every centimeter is equal to 10 meters of depth. Use this information to answer questions 1 and 2. 1. Using the above scale, what was the deepest depth of your “ocean”? 170 - 180 m 2. What was the shallowest depth of your “ocean”? 30 - 40m 3. In this activity, a length of the dowel was used to represent the depth of the water. How is water depth actually determined using a precision depth recorder? SONAR 4. Name and explain how an animal uses “echoing” sound waves to survive. Bat – Dolphin They produce a high pitched sound that bounces of the object and back to them the can determine size and speed of the object with the Doppler effect 5. What would the pegboard surface of the tub represent in the real world? Water surface 6. Why would a submarine need a very precise depth recorder? (ask about shadow zones) So as not to go to deep or run aground – A shadow zone is area for subs to hide – the water is different temp so it is also different density thus ships have a hard time detecting them with sonar During the time of Christopher Columbus’ voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, the only tools available for sailors to measure ocean depth were a rope and a heavy stone or lead ball often called the “lead line”. In the Mississippi River a “sounding pole” was used to ensure safe navigation for steamboats along the Mississippi River. A sounding pole was a long pole with marks to show depth. 7. How were these items used to get the needed information? Drop a rock with a rope tied to it – pull it up and measure the rope 8. What is the disadvantage of using this system? What has replaced the lead line and sounding pole? Slow and inaccurate – Sonar 9. Could a depth recorder have helped the crew of the Titanic? Explain why or why not. NO they hit an iceberg by the time the sonar would have detected an iceberg it would be to late “INERTIA 10. The velocity of sound in water is 1400m/s. What is the water depth if it takes 12 seconds for a sound pulse to travel to the bottom and return to the surface? Show your work!! 1400 x 6 = 8400 Use the special graph paper to make a map or profile of your “ocean” floor. Once your map is complete, compare it to the model. Remove the pegboard top and compare your map with the surface it was meant to represent. 11. How does your map compare to the model? How accurate was your map? 12. How could the accuracy of your map have been improved?
