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Transcript
The Punic Wars Ancient Rome First Punic War • Began with a dispute over Sicily (Port of Messina) • Strengths at war: • Carthage was superior fighting at sea • Rome was superior fighting on land • Rome used grappling hooks to pull in ships and fight “on land” • Rome takes control of Sicily and is ready to attack Carthage First Punic War In Between the Wars • Hamilcar Barca • Leader of Carthage troops (mercenaries) during the first Punic War • Held a grudge against both Carthage and Rome • Carthage because they didn’t pay his troops • Rome because they defeated him in war • Gathers another mercenary army and takes them to Spain (unbeknownst to Carthage) In Between Wars • Makes his son Hannibal promise never to be a friend to Rome • Hannibal attacks Saguntum Rome does nothing for their ally! • Rome sent a delegation to Carthage • The Carthaginian senate gave Rome a choice war or peace • The leader of the Roman delegation declared war! • And so begins the unnecessary Second Punic War (Oh Rome, you war loving people..) Beginning of the Second Punic War Hannibal Invades Italy Hannibal Kicks Butt • Leads his army from Spain, through southern France and the Alps, and invades Italy from the north • Defeats Roman armies sent to stop him several times but hesitates to attack Rome itself • Sees Rome as too well fortified • Settles instead on war of attrition in hope of destroying Roman economic base HANNIBAL AD PORTAS!! Scipio to the Rescue • Rome is unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy • So…patrician general Scipio Aemilius Africanus sailed a Roman army across the Mediterranean, landed in North Africa, and headed for Carthage! • Hannibal forced to leave Italy to protect Carthage • Carthage is defeated at the Battle of Zama, fought outside the walls of Carthage Rome is Victorious! • Carthaginians gave up their land in Spain • Handed over their warships • Agreed to another loss to Rome • The terms were meant to cripple Carthage and never allow them to challenge Rome again Roman Territory at the end of the 2nd Punic war Here We Go Again… • 50 years of peace between Rome and Carthage • Carthage has regained prosperity but is no threat to Rome • Basically, Rome wanted Carthage gone off the face of the Earth • This hatred for Carthage was headed by Cato, a Roman senator • “Carthago delenda est” Third Punic War • 146 BCE Rome burns Carthage • Sells the living population into slavery • Sowed the soil with salt so no crops could grow • Rome is now in total control of the Mediterranean End of the Punic Wars By the Death of Julius Caesar