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The Punic Wars Rome Introduction • While the great civilization of Greece was in decline, a new city in the west was developing – Rome • It grew from a small settlement to a mightly civilization • Rome would build one of the most influencial empires in the world The War… • In 264 BCE, Rome went to war with Carthage (a city on the North African coast) • Between 254 and 146 BCE, they fought a series of 3 wars • The first war was over control of Sicily – Carthage lost – this battle lasted 23 years • The second began in 218 BCE – the mastermind behind this war was the Carthaginian leader Hannibal • Hannibal assembled an army of 50,000 infantry, 9000 cavalry, and 60 elephants • He wanted to surprise Rome so he entered Italy through the north across the Alps • He lost half of his men during the trek • Despite this, he won many victories – especially the one at Cannae in 216 BCE • There, his army inflicted huge losses • The Romans regrouped and prevented Hannibal from capturing Rome • Finally, the Romans united under a new leader – Scipio • He devised a plan to attack Carthage • In 202 BCE, they defeated Hannibal • In 146 BCE, Rome returned to destroy Carthage once and for all… they set the city on fire, sold its 50000 inhabitants into slavery, and made the territory a Roman province