* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Roman Expansion
Survey
Document related concepts
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Military of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX wikipedia , lookup
Travel in Classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Berber kings of Roman-era Tunisia wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Roman economy wikipedia , lookup
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
History of the Roman Constitution wikipedia , lookup
Elections in the Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Food and dining in the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Roman Expansion They came, they saw, they conquered! Roman Dominance of Italy ● By mid third century BCE, Romans reigned in Italy after conquering land ● Stopped fighting when they conquered all of Italy ● Sicily was next in the plan for expansion ○ Threat from Carthage Rome and Carthage Similarities and Differences Carthage ● Phoenician colony ● Founded around 800 BCE ● Naval empire ● Well developed ○ Trade Rome ● Foreigners ● Founded around 750 BCE ● Land Empire ● Seen as primitive The First Punic War ● 264 BCE, Roman Republic and Carthaginian Empire collide in Sicily ● Powerful army against a powerful and maneuverable navy ○ Rome’s use of land tactics at sea ● Rome prevailed in 241 BCE and required Carthage to pay a large indemnity ○ Money paid for damages caused The Second Punic War ● Rome declared war on Carthage in 218 BCE ● Carthage reassembled and started to conquer territory in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) ● General Hannibal ○ Led army (included elephants) through the Alps to conquer Italy ○ Many died from the cold but Hannibal proved victorious ● Hannibal forced the Romans back to the inland cities The Second Punic War ● ● ● ● ● Rome invaded Africa and threatened Carthage Roman general Scipio was Hannibal’s match Scipio’s army defeated Hannibal Carthage was ordered to pay another indemnity Carthage remained independent but lost all power The Third Punic War ● 149 BCE, Rome declared war on Carthage to crush it once and for all. ● 146 BCE, Carthage fell ● Romans enslaved the population and razed the city. ● Rome also gained Macedonia as they were allies with Carthage ● By 133 BCE Rome gained complete supremacy in the Mediterranean. Problems with Expansion ● Retained a Republican form of government ● Nobles gained more power ● Romans governed the new territories loosely ○ No citizenship granted for the people in the newly gained territories ○ Each new province had a different set of rules (Ex: taxes) and governed by a different official ■ Officials weren’t governed well by the Roman Senate ■ Neglect of the people Problems with Expansion ● Rome’s uninterest in distant territories weakened the role of small citizen-farming ● Some elite Romans acquired large estates called latifundia. ○ Owned by the wealthy, ran by slaves ○ Rome came to depend on them for grain ● Farmer-soldiers returned to lost land ○ Could no longer serve in the army Problems with Expansion ● Trade increased ● Equites class was formed○ landowning and business people of Rome ○ Wealth contributed to their influence in politics ● Loss of independent farmers and jobless masses in the cities led to weaken loyalty ● Influence of new religions and cultures I AM SPARTACUS!!! ● Enslaved people from conquered territories ● Some slaves lived relatively well and some slaves lived horrible lives ● Most brutal slave revolt was led by Spartacus and began in 73 BCE with more than 70,000 slaves ● 71 BCE, Roman army crushed revolt and Spartacus died in battle ● 6,000 followers were later crucified Discussion Questions ● What if Hannibal had NOT lost numerous men and elephants crossing the Alps, how do you think the course of history would have changed? ● With the expansion, how did the Roman Republic change in political and social structure?