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Heredity Keystone Questions of the Day (2/day)
1. Which hereditary rule explains why a self-fertilizing parent that is heterozygous for the
A locus (Aa) can produce offspring that are AA or aa?
A. principle of independent assortment
B. principle of segregation
C. codominance
D. dominance
2. Carla receives an allele for blue eyes from her mother, and an allele for brown eyes
from her father.
If brown eye color is a dominant trait and blue eye color is a recessive trait, what can be
determined about the color of Carla's eyes?
A. Carla has brown eyes.
B. Carla's eye color can not be determined.
C. Carla has green eyes.
D. Carla has blue eyes.
3. In pea plants, tall (T) plants are dominant over short (t) plants. If a heterozygous (Tt)
pea plant is crossed with a homozygous dominant (TT) pea plant, all of the resulting pea
plants should be tall (TT or Tt). Each plant will receive a dominant allele from the
homozygous dominant plant, while they could receive either a dominant or recessive
allele from the heterozygous plant.
The fact that each plant gets only one allele from each parent plant is detailed in the Law
of _______.
A. Independent Assortment
B. Multiple Alleles
C. Genetic Inheritance
D. Segregation
4. Sarah is doing an experiment on pea plants. She is studying the color of the pea plants.
Sarah has noticed that many pea plants have purple flowers and many have white
flowers.
Sarah crosses a homozygous white flower and a homozygous purple flower. The cross
results in all purple flowers.
What is true of the color of pea plants?
A. White flowers are dominant to purple flowers.
B. White flowers and purple flowers are codominant.
C. Purple flowers and white flowers are recessive to red.
D. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers.
5. According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, meiosis involves the separation of a parent
organism's alleles in order to form gametes. Since the alleles separate into different
gametes, only one allele passes from each parent on to an offspring. This segregation of
alleles during meiosis
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreases the chance that an offspring will receive a dominant allele.
increases the chance that an offspring will receive a dominant allele.
decreases the genetic variability of the offspring.
increases the genetic variability of the offspring.
6. A genetic mutation that does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the
resulting protein is called
A. a nonsense mutation.
B. a frame shift mutation.
C. a silent mutation.
D. a chromosomal mutation.
7. During meiosis, diversity is achieved by the process of
I. crossing over.
II. chromosome separation.
III. DNA replication.
A. I, II, and III
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
8. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that is typically caused by an extra copy of
chromosome 21 in a person's genome. In a small number of cases, however, Down
syndrome occurs because a section of chromosome 21 becomes fused onto another
chromosome.
The type of Down syndrome that occurs because a section of chromosome 21 attaches to
another chromosome is an example of a genetic disorder caused by
A. a recessive allele.
B. chromosome translocation.
C. a frame shift mutation.
D. chromosome deletion.
9. ______ is a source of genetic variation that involves the swapping of sections of
chromosomes during meiosis.
A. Crossing over
B. Translation
C. Transcription
D. Fertilization
10. The chart below shows the codons that make up the genetic code and the sequence of
nucleotides that corresponds to them.
A mistake during DNA replication leads to a mutation in the nucleotide sequence shown
below.
This mutation results from the insertion of two nucleotides into the original sequence,
which causes the reading frame of the sequence to change. This kind of mutation is
known as
A. a nonsense mutation.
B. a frame shift mutation.
C. a silent mutation.
D. a chromosomal mutation.
11. Biotechnology is used in a variety of areas from agriculture to pharmaceuticals to
fuels.
How is the use of biotechnology in agriculture beneficial to the environment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Genetically altered crops require less pesticide.
Genetically altered crops are more delicious.
Genetically altered crops produce less carbon dioxide.
Genetically altered crops are unable to reproduce.
12. A vaccine is a substance that contains all or part of a noninfectious version of a
disease-causing organism. When the vaccine is administered to a person, the person's
immune system attacks the noninfectious version of the organism and learns to recognize
its surface proteins. The next time the immune system comes in contact with the same
surface proteins, it has a defense already prepared in order to respond quickly to the
invading organism. In this way, a vaccine gives people immunity to the disease-causing
organism.
Vaccines can be life-saving, but there have been a few cases of people catching a disease
from the administered vaccine.
How might genetically engineered organisms solve this problem?
Harmless organisms could be genetically engineered to recognize and destroy
A. random cells in the body.
Disease-causing organisms could be genetically engineered to produce insulin
B. instead of toxins.
Harmless organisms could be genetically engineered to have surface proteins from
C. disease-causing organisms.
Disease-causing organisms could be genetically engineered to only be harmful to
D. plants.
13. Which of the following is an example of gene splicing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a genetically identical copy of an entire organism is produced through cloning
a segment of human DNA is inserted into the DNA sequence of a bacterium
a mutation that occurs during meiosis results in a chromosomal abnormality
two human chromosomes pair up during meiosis and exchange parts of their DNA
14. In 1990, scientists at the National Institutes of Health used gene therapy to try to treat
a 4-year-old girl suffering from severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). This
genetic disease made her extremely susceptible to infections. The scientists used a virus
to inject normal genes into the girl's immune system cells. The experiment was
moderately successful, and the girl's health improved but only for short periods of time.
If this form of gene therapy could be fine-tuned, how would it impact society?
A. Most Americans would no longer suffer from heart disease.
B. People would need to be genetically tested before having children together.
C. Many genetic diseases would be curable.
D. The number of infections from genetically-engineered viruses would increase.
15. Malaria is a disease caused by parasites that reproduce within red blood cells. Malaria
can cause fever, chills, nausea, flu-like symptoms, and in some cases, coma and death.
This disease is prevalent in warm climates, especially South America, Africa, and the
southern portions of Asia.
Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to change shape when
they are deoxygenated. The resultant sickle-shaped blood cells can get stuck in blood
vessels and cause damage and pain. This disease is also prevalent in South America,
Africa, and Asia.
Lately, it was discovered that people who carry the sickle-cell trait heterozygously are
resistant to malaria. How could biotechnology best use this infomation to help people
living in these areas?
A. Biotechnology could be used to alter the mosquito DNA.
B. Biotechnology could be used to eliminate all sickle-cell genes.
Biotechnology could be used to make the climate cooler so that mosquitoes are
C.
unable to breed.
D.
Biotechnology could be used to insert the malaria resistant genes without causing
sickle cell anemia.
16. A cross between two squash plants that produce yellow squash results in 124
offspring: 93 produce yellow squash and 31 produce green squash. What are the likely
genotypes of the plants that were crossed?
A. both Yy
B. both yy
C. both YY
D. one YY, one Yy