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REPORT ON SECOND NATIONAL PREPARATORY WORKSHOP FOR COP21
Held at Ibis Hotel, Chisamba
27TH SEPTEMBER TO 1ST OCTOBER 2015
Table of Contents
Key Acronyms.......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Opening remarks..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Official opening remarks ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
UNDP remarks ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Negotiating text overview....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Adaptation loss and damage .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Mitigation ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Finance ................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Technology Development and transfer .............................................................................................................................. 5
Summary of group discussions ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Group 1: Mitigation issues .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Group 2: Adaptation, loss and damage .............................................................................................................................. 6
Group 3: Finance ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Group 4: Technology and capacity building ........................................................................................................................ 7
Technology transfer ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Capacity building ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Group Feed back ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Information on the NIE on CTCN............................................................................................................................................. 8
Negotiation tips highlights ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
Climate finance presentation.................................................................................................................................................. 8
Drafting and Development of country position paper ......................................................................................................... 10
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Annex: Attendance list of participants.................................................................................................................................. 11
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Key Acronyms
ADP
Ad Hoc working Group on Durban Platform
CBDRRC
Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities
COP
Conference of Parties
CTCN
Climate Technology Centre Network
GCF
Green Climate Finance
INDC
Intended National Determined Contribution
IPR
Intellectual Property Rights
LDC’s
Least Developed Countries
MRV
Monitoring Reporting and Verification
NAMA
National Mitigation Actions
NAPA
National Adaptation Plan of Action
NDA
National Designated Authority
NIE
National Implementing Entity
ODA
Overseas Development Assistance
REDD
Reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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Summary
The second country COP preparatory meeting served strategic function that strengthened Zambia’s preparation
to participate in the upcoming Paris conference. It was held under the collaborative ambit of the Ministry of
Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection and the Interim Climate Change Secretariat. The
workshop was held as a follow up to the first national preparatory meeting that aimed at contributing to
enhanced preparation through enhanced capacities of national negotiators. The meeting took note that following
the successful holding of the first national preparatory meeting, the follow up meeting provided momentum and
strengthened understanding of the negotiating concerns that were expected to be prioritised for Zambia’s
consideration and strategic thrust expected to inform its negotiation priorities.
The meeting discussed the state of play of the negotiating text as well other important issues that were
considered to likely inform and influence the negotiation terrain as well as potential outcome in Paris.
Importantly the workshop generated the first draft of the Zambia’s position paper as a guiding instrument to be
used by negotiators on important concerns for Zambia.
This synthesis report therefore presents broad issues that were covered during the workshop in support of
Zambia’s preparation for COP21. It also presents some highlights that the meeting considered as important that
should be considered and taken into account in strengthening the country’s readiness for COP21. Importantly it
is an information note to mirror key consideration that participants advanced as relevant for Zambia in order to
provide effective engagement and targeted opportunities that the country can harness as low hanging fruits,
including the important need to place emphasis on mobilisation of financial resources.
Opening remarks
Official opening remarks
The official opening remarks were delivered by the Climate Change Focal point in Zambia (Mr. Richard
Lungu) on behalf of the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental
Protection. In the remarks, he elaborated the significance of the preparatory meeting that aimed at fostering an
enriched preparedness of Zambia’s participation in Paris. This was an important to ensure an effective country
preparation and readiness efforts particularly among country negotiators.
In the submission, it was underlined that the meeting served as an a platform that will contribute to building a
pool of negotiators that are expected to champion the country’s agenda in Paris, and that without prejudice to
the outcome of the Paris agreement, ensure that it reflects Zambia’s key concerns and priorities. In this regard
he indicated that the objective of the workshop was to interrogate the negotiating text being a key instrument
that was expected to guide COP21 negotiations in Paris.
The submission also underlined that the preparatory meeting was expected to generate a country’s negotiating
position paper as part of important mandate of the preparatory meeting outcome. The country’s negotiating
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position paper will serve an important guiding fact sheet expected to be used by Zambia’s negotiation
infrastructure in Paris.
The remarks further noted that Zambia has finalised the development of its INDC, which will serve as a basis to
share its national intended mitigation and adaption efforts to contribute to the reduction of global goal of
reducing greenhouse. Implementation of the commitments elaborated under INDIC are subject to necessary
support by developing Parties in accordance with the provision of the Convention. It was therefore important
for participants to reflect on what was important and realistic to be achieved including taking into account
concerns that were not achieved in the previous COP’s.
UNDP remarks
Remarks from the United Nations Development Program in Zambia that were submitted by Ms Winnie
Musonda who called on the participants to apply themselves to effective and active participation in order to
build a pool of negotiating infrastructure that can be used to deliver Zambia’s aspirations at COP21. Participants
were encouraged to consider COP21 as an important platform that was available to also mobilise enhanced
resources that are essential to support the various climate change action measures that the Zambia had already
defined.
In her submission she noted the importance of participants to ensure that they applied themselves fully in order
to create depth and effective engagement in Paris that can translate in meaningful contribution especially the
need to mobilise financial resources.
She reiterated the commitment of the UNDP in supporting the cause of not only the COP but the overall climate
change efforts of Zambia.
Negotiating text overview
Mr. Shitima shared the outlook of the negotiations texts based on the recent pre session meetings that were held
in Geneva. It was appreciated that that several areas still remain unresolved and shall require unwavering efforts
to reduce the divergences among Parties.
In the submission, he elaborated an update on the 11th meeting of the second session of the Ad Hoc Working
Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) that was held in Bonn Germany from 29th August to
5th September, 2015. He also highlighted the key issues in the Co-chair’s tool that were important for
participants to be abreast to.
Other important issues that were covered in the presentation included the Co-chair’s tool that had been
generated to guide core issues that were expected to be considered in the negotiations by Parties. Other
important elements that were presented included;

Elements that were to be considered by Parties (Agreement)

Issues that were under consideration for review and subject to change frequently (Discussion)
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
Issues that they thought were not necessary (Dust bin)
Specific elaboration that were encapsulated in the text included specific issues on the following themes:
Adaptation loss and damage
Loss and damage which broadly refers to things beyond adaptation and include elements such as insurance and
compensation. The submission observed that it was important for the developed countries to demonstrate
leadership because they bore most of the causes associated with climate change due to their high levels of
historical emissions that has led to global warming and its subsequent negative frequent natural disasters.
The meeting was informed that due to this reality Parties felt that the issue of loss and damage should also be
considered under Part 1 and not only in Part 3 of the negotiation text.
Mitigation
The Bonn meeting under the mitigation negotiation window considered three groups which were formed and
tasked to address the following important issues: clarification on the provision of non-market based
mechanisms, elaborate on the issues of differentiation, work at narrowing the gap in joint implementation
process.
Finance
It was underlined that during the intercession meeting it was appreciated that there was need to use already
existing financial institutions. However it was relevant to ensure that there was effective monitoring as well as
receive appropriate guidance from the COP on not only scale but also the access mechanism of the financial
resources.
Technology Development and transfer
The briefing provided informed the meeting that at the Bonn meeting, it first engaged in procedural issues
before engaging on substantive issues. Thereafter it focused on areas of convergence framework for enhanced
action and institutions aspects. The issues of capacity building were proposed to be placed in the tool box.
Summary of group discussions
The meeting segregated into four group that discussed and provided deepened synthesis of important issues that were
contained in the negotiation text. The focus of group synthesis covered the following key thematic areas elaborated
here below
Group 1: Mitigation issues
In order for mitigation efforts to realize the temperature target of 2 degree reduction with a possibility of
reducing to 1.5, 40-70% emission reduction by 2050 was required. It was observed that there was need for
developed countries to provide leadership in accordance with their historical responsibilities.
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Therefore ambitious mitigation commitments by developed countries in accordance with principles of the
convention particularly the Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities
(CBDRRC), should remain part of the negotiation requirement that will define commitments by developed
countries and contribution by developing countries. The issue of whether or not these commitments should be
legally binding remain dependent on the form and nature of the outcome of the new agreement to be birthed in
Paris.
The issue of carbon market mechanisms and how to deal with issues of market based mechanisms should
supplement domestic actions without shifting responsibility from developed countries to developing countries.
Group 2: Adaptation, loss and damage
There was need for adaptation to be separated from loss and damage as it was difficult and presented challenges
on how to deal with issues of compensation. The group observed that adaptation should be part of 2015
agreement as it remains Zambia’s first Zambia concern that was consistent with that of the African group
It was relevant to have long term adaptation goal in order to provide a basis for collective agreement and
stimulate global actions that also can support developing countries to adapt to the effects of climate change.
These measure must be linked to financing commitment that are mobilized from developed Parties.
The importance of institutional arrangement should be anchored on strengthening the established institutions to
bring them to status that enables implementation of their activities and meet their target. Hence the need for
capacity building support to address areas gaps.
It was underlined that global reduction of 2º Celsius temperature target has both financial and technological
requirements which should be supported by the developed countries. Overall the actions of adaptation should be
linked to the general objective of the convention to reduce emission levels and increase resilience.
The loss and damage that has been championed largely by small Iceland state contains issues of compensation.
Need to put issues of loss and damage in appropriate place in Zambia.
Based on the assessment of the text the group was of the view that concerns on the insurance against the effects
of climate change appear not to be supported by developed countries because of issues of attribution. The
discussion noted that Zambia was piloting index insurance for farmers and its results are yet to be learnt.
Group 3: Finance
The scale of financing that is informed by science on how much was required for mitigation and adaptation
remains very important. Determining and making available these sources of financing remains as guided by
science remains a priority and an obligation for developed countries. Provision of financing to developing
countries by developed countries remains an important requisite for developing countries to make contribution
to both mitigation and adaptation actions. These financial resources should be grants and not loans to avoid
taking developing countries into state of indebtedness.
The participants noted that channels/mechanisms of accessing financing should take the form of direct access.
Hence the need to accredit an appropriate institution that meets the fiduciary requirement and facilitate the
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direct access aspiration. There was need for clear work programme for mobilizing the $100 billion per year by
2030 with clear important milestones to be elaborated.
Group 4: Technology and capacity building
Technology transfer
The group considered that in order to promote low carbon development pathway there is need to access cutting
edge technology that is compatible with the country needs. Consequently that there was need to establish
climate change technology centres and National Implementing Entity (NIE) in order to build the capacity of the
local institutions to facilitate the transfer of technologies
It was noted that intellectual property rights of technology (IPR) was largely not owned by the public domain
but by rather the private sector, hence the need to provide incentives to enable developing countries access it. In
the absence of appropriate incentive IPR may remain a major limitation to access of clean technologies by
developing countries.
Capacity building
In the submission by the group it was appreciated that the issues of capacity of building should be considered as
a standalone issue and not cross cutting one in order to ensure that it receives proactive attention. Based on the
Convention developed countries are mandated to strengthen and support the capacity needs of the developing
countries.
Participants noted however that capacity building is expected to be required all the various building blocks
envisaged to effectively migrate to low emission economies among developing countries.
Group Feed back
Following the sets of group presentations, there was a concern that it was important to start by defining and
describing basic climate related documents such as NAPA in order to bring all participants to the same levels of
understanding. This would provide strong foundation that would assist those that were attending the
preparatory meeting for the first time to sound levels of understanding.
It was agreed that by this foundational action it would empower the various participants even those that may not
be able to be physically in attendance to get depth necessary to support and contribute as a backup team for the
members present in Paris.
Participants expressed concern that participants appeared to have varying levels of foundational understanding
of what was expected to be undertaken at COP. Therefore it is important to help bring all participants to the
same level of understanding to reduce the gap.
The workshop was challenged to empower all participants systematically in order to ensure that those being
introduced to the process for the first time gained deepened understanding as they can offer backup team to the
members that will be participating physically at COP21 in Paris
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It was observed that although there was demand being placed on developed countries regarding technology
transfer, much of the technologies were not in the jurisdiction of the government but rather private sector,
therefore it will be necessary to consider provision of incentives by developed countries to the private sector.
Incentives should be given to the private sector so that they can provide low emission technologies. It was noted
however achieving access to technological rights under private sector will remain a challenge.
Information brief on the NIE on CTCN
The country Focal point for the Climate Technology Centre Network (CTCN) provided update on the status of
the National Implementing Entities (NIE) in Zambia. The key issues that were elaborated included the NIE
origin, mandate of the CTCN, UNFCCC operational arm on appropriate technology for redressing climate
change, type of requests for CTCN Assistance that was available, procedures for country requests for assistance,
examples of CTCN Technical Assistance, proposed NIE Structure and the NIE Work plan
Participants made observation on the need to broaden the scope of institutions that had been proposed to
constitute the governance NIE structure to include especially the private sector and other research related
organisation. It was noted that it will be important to ensure that members being invited to be part of the NIE
governance structure do not find themselves in conflict of interest as regards implementation.
Negotiation tips highlights
Ms. Hope Banda shared basic tips that can foster good negotiation qualities and aptitude of a negotiators
including what issues and personality that were necessary to dispose during negotiations. The negotiation tips
were given as an important building and information pillar for participants that had not been exposed to COP
negotiations before.
The information was important to bring understanding on the main issues that govern COP negotiations
including the things that negotiators should avoid in their engagement with other Parties. Important was also the
issue to bear in mind that negotiators represented member states and it was important to maintain highest level
of diplomacy and factualness.
Climate finance presentation
The Coordinator of Inter-ministerial Climate Change Secretariat (Mr. David Kaluba) provided broad overview
of the climate finance architecture in Zambia as well as that of the GCF. In the presentation he underpinned
aspects on the significance that the LDC, G77 and China as having agreed on the guiding principles that has
informed the GCF financing framework as well fulcrum for climate finance engagements.
He noted that in the recent time, there had been agreement even among the developed countries on the need to
secure some agreed text around climate finance negotiation for Paris. In the highlights Mr. Kaluba provided
some key principles that were agreed as having been included in draft negotiating text which among others
captured;
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•
That LDC’s have proposed to include aspects that note the need for provision in the text to include
“other that are in position to contribute to financial mobilization”. He noted that this proposal may not
be too popular with the African group and G77 and China
•
The need to provide linkage between finance and the target on temperature goal should remain critical in
negotiations around finance
•
Called upon negotiators that will be engaged in dealing with issues of mitigation to ensure that it was
sufficiently linked to finance availability
•
Discussion of finance should mainstream the need for country ownership and driven arrangements
•
Need to ensure that climate finance is additional, adequate, predictable and above ODA
•
There should be balance between allocation that supports adaptation and mitigation respectively
•
With the increasing body of scientific knowledge there is need for scaling up of the resources
•
It is important as a principle to ensure that climate finance is accessed in form of grant rather than loans
•
The mechanisms for accessibility should be simplified even as it takes note the need of fiduciary
capacities
The other matters that were elaborated included the need to consider anchoring institution as well as scale of
resources that clearly discloses specific amounts committed. It remained important to identify the
sources/contribution that reflects that resources are largely mobilised from public sources and consistent with
the CBDRRC. The need to expand the sources o f sources of finance to other innovative ways should however
not be excluded.
In summary the issue of transparency remained important and hence there was need to establish MRV system to
ensure accountability of climate finance to avoid co-mingling as claims that are questionable.
He also noted that it was significant that that Zambia had been mandated to host GCF Board meeting in
November 2015 that should serve as strategic window to enhance resource mobilisation. In strengthening this
important international climate finance meeting there were discussions and considerations to also have a high
level segment that will seek strategic engagement in readiness of COP 21.
With regard to Zambia’s readiness to access climate finance under the GCF, the country had already designated
the DNA and nominated its NIE, although the latter is yet to undergo the official accreditation procedures.
Participants engaged in question and answer session in order to solicit further insight on the GCF country NIE
functionality, the implication of GDP demand on resource levels and accreditation modalities. Notable was the
concerns with the pace of the finalisation of the adoption of some country policy documents such as Climate
change policy for Zambia, REDD+ strategy, NAMA proposals that offer important instruments for resource
mobilisation at international levels including COP 21.
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Drafting and Development of country position paper
Using the synthesis of the various national climate change linked documents as well as the Zambia’s country
position paper prepared for COP 20 the meeting generated a draft working paper. It was agreed that the draft
shall be enhanced by the Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection after which it will
be circulated to the delegates for finalization during the planned final preparation negotiation meeting.
Applying the diagnosis and review of the various policy and working papers the groups provided critical
elements that were proposed for inclusion into the country position paper.
Conclusion
The meeting observed the imbalance of representation of experienced negotiators who appear not to have been
adequately represented in the preparatory meeting. It was acknowledged that while the recruitment of new and
young negotiators was commendable effort, there was need to ensure that there was sufficient integration and
mentorship of new entrants by the senior negotiators.
In addressing the high turnover of negotiators the country should consider establishing core pool of negotiators
who can be complemented by new members from time to time to ensure institutional memory as well as
enhance effective engagements anchored by experience.
The Focal Point on Climate Change appreciated that while all participants where potential delegates, there may
be constraints of travelling to Paris due to limited resource. It was proposed that it will be important however to
consider the rest of trained members that will not be in Paris to be strategic pool that will provide important on
line interaction and backstopping to the negotiators.
He appreciated appreciation on behalf of the Permanent Secretary for the commitment and determination of the
participants that had been exhibited during the entire period of the meeting and urged all to maintain the spirit
of patriotism in order for the country to deliver its set benchmarks.
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Annex: Attendance list of participants
WORKSHOP FOR THE PARIS, FRANCE UNITED NATIONS CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE
No. Institution
Institution
E-Mail Address
Contact No.
1.
Boyd Phiri
ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL
[email protected]
0977319606
2.
Chileshe G. Musonda
ZCCN
[email protected]
0977226277
3.
Maggie M. Mwape
CEZ
4.
Mark Maseko
UNICEF
[email protected]
0974775326
5.
Andozile Simwinga
UNICEF
[email protected]
0965731749
6.
Douty Chibamba
UNZA
[email protected]
0974567744
7.
Moomba M. Mulenga
CEZ
[email protected]
0966841631
8.
Ephraim Mwepya
Shitima
MLNREP
[email protected]
0977899361
9.
Chiseche M Mutale
MINSTRY OF TOURISIM AND ARTS
[email protected]
0966766275
10.
Crusiva Hichikumba
CABNET OFFICE
[email protected]
0977607176
11.
Cecilia Mwengwa
MLGH
[email protected]
0977312031
12.
Charity M. Nalweya
ZEMA
charityst@[email protected]
097978031
13.
Richard Banda
ZAMBIA FORESTRY
[email protected]
0966845945
14.
Velice Nangavo
UNDP
[email protected]
386200
15.
Winnie Musonda
UNDP
[email protected]
386200
16.
Lungu M Richard
MLNREP
[email protected]
0975794217
17.
Hope M. Banda
MLNREP
[email protected]
252589
18.
Carol Mutakata
MLNREP
[email protected]
255737
19.
Ignatius Musopelo
MLNREP
[email protected]
0977625415
20.
Chikumbi Bwalya
MLNREP
[email protected]
0979448444
21.
Mbundu Kayombo
MLNREP
[email protected]
0979828498
22.
Aifred Chewetu
MLNREP
[email protected]
0978987406
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23.
Roleen Liboma
ZAMBREW
[email protected]
0966721717
24.
Inutu S. Himanje
ZNBC
[email protected]
0966766951
25.
Esther Nkomo
MLNREP
emulekwa84yahoo.com
0966494780
26.
Noah zimba
GBN/Facilitator
[email protected]
0977873673
27.
Doreen Mukwanka
National Assembly
[email protected]
0966220718
28.
Rose Chumpuka
ZNBC
[email protected]
097140388
29.
Chris Simukonda
MCTI
[email protected] 0963205607
30.
Chama Nambeya
INTERIM CLIMATE CHANGE
SECRETARIATE
[email protected]
0975282300
31.
Humphrey Simfukwe
MINISRTY OF WORKS AND SUPPLY
[email protected]
0979419639
32.
Davis Kashole
MLNEP-FORESTRY
[email protected]
0976059152
33.
Reynolds K.Shula
MINISTRYOFAGRICULTURE
[email protected]
0977770825
34.
Mwila Daka
MCTI
[email protected]
0979947166
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