Download Communicable/Infectious Disease

Communicable Disease
Guided Reading
1. What is a
communicable disease?
• Diseases caused by the
direct or indirect spread of
pathogens from one
person to another.
2. What is a pathogen?
• Pathogens are tiny
microorganisms that infect
or invade the body and
attack its cells and tissues
3. What is a parasite & what
is its food source called?
• Parasites are bacteria that
feed off living plants or
animals
• There food source is
known as a HOST
4. What are bacteria that
actually help the body?
• Bacteria that help your
body are called RESIDENT
BACTERIA
5. What are the six main
types of pathogens that
cause disease?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bacteria
Toxins
Viruses
Rickettsias
Fungi
Protozoans
6. What are Toxins & What
are two examples of them?
• Toxins are poisons caused
by certain bacteria
•
•
•
•
•
Botulism
Tetanus
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Strep Throat
7. What are the three ways
that pathogens are spread
and what is an example of
each?
• Indirect Contact
– Spread through the air in tiny droplets of moisture when an
infected person coughs or sneezes. (Common Cold)
• Direct Contact
– Spread when an uninfected person comes into direct physical
contact with an infected area on another person. (Skin rashes)
• Contact with Animals
– Spread through contact with contaminated animals (Rabies)
8. What are the two types of
defense that make up your
immune system?
• Nonspecific Resistance
-The body responds in the same way each time your body is invaded
by a foreign substance.
• Specific Resistance
-The body response to a pathogen that the body’s nonspecific
response cannot handle. This defense gives specific protection
against specific types of pathogens and keeps a record of those
pathogens in case they return.
9. What are the four types
of nonspecific defenses?
• Mechanical Mechanisms
-Skin
• Chemical Barriers
-Tears, Saliva & Sweat
• Cells
-White Blood Cells
• Inflammatory Response
-Increases blood flow allowing more white blood cells to
arrive and attack pathogen
10. What are lymphocytes &
what are the 2 major types?
• A type of white blood cell
that fights pathogens
-T Cells
-B Cells
11. What are antibodies?
• Antibodies are proteins
that destroy or neutralize
pathogens in your body
12. What is active
immunity?
• The immunity your body
develops to protect you
from a disease
13. What are vaccines?
• Vaccines are preparations
that usually are composed
of dead or weakened
viruses.
• They provide immunity by
causing the body to
produce antibodies against
the pathogen.
14. What are the three
types of vaccines?
• Live-Virus Vaccine
-Very weak virus that can’t cause disease, but does case body to
produce antibodies against it (Measles & Polio)
• Killed-Virus Vaccine
-Killed virus causes body to produce antibodies against disease,
but is not as strong and requires boosters (chicken pox)
• Toxoids
-Vaccine that contains chemically treated toxins caused by
bacteria. Forces body to produce antibodies against the disease
(Tetanus)
15. How is Hepatitis A
contracted?
• Eating or drinking food or
water that has been
contaminated.
-Condition is treatable
16. How is Hepatitis B
contracted?
• Transmission comes from
contaminated medical
instruments, sexual
contact with an infected
person and sharing of
needles with an infected
person.
-Condition is not treatable