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North Haven Public Schools Curriculum Unit Title/ focus: Atomic Structure Textbook: Prentice Hall Chemistry – Chap. #4, 5.1, 25.1 – 25.3, 10.1, 10.2 Designer Names (s): Larry Fabianski, Marc Horowitz, Julie Nichols Subject Area: Chemistry L2/L3 Grade Level: 10, 11, 12 Estimated Amount of Instructional Time: 4.5 weeks Connecticut State Standards Atomic and Molecular Structure – The periodic table displays the elements in incerasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure. The nucleus of the atom is much smaller than the atom, yet contains most of its mass. The model of the atom is based on experiments and analyses by many scientists, including Dalton, Thomson, Bohr, Rutherford, and Millikan. The position of an element in the periodic table is related to its atomic number. Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry – The conservation of atoms in chemical reactions leads to the principle of conservations of matter and the ability to calculate the mass of products and reactants. The quantity one mole is set by defining one mole of carbon; 12 atoms to have a mass of exactly 12 grams. One mole equals 6.02 x 1023 particles (atoms or moles) The mass of a substance can be converted to moles, number of particles, or volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure. Big Ideas Enduring Understandings The model of the atom is based on experiments and analyses by many scientists. The Periodic Table provides information needed to determine atomic structure/particles. The nucleus of an atom is small but contains the majority of it’s mass. Isotopes of an element can vary in mass and relative abundance. The Mole concept is a convenient way to describe chemical quantities. Avogadro’s number equals 6.02 x 1023 particles. Essential Questions How have scientists contributed to our understanding of the Atomic Model over time? How do we use the Periodic Table to determine the number of particles present in an atom? How do we use relative abundance and isotopic mass to calculate average atomic mass? How do we use isotopic symbols to describe nuclear changes? What is radioactivity and why do substances decay at a predictable rate? How do we define the mole and use it in calculations? What Students Should Know and Be Able to Do (Skills and Knowledge) Prerequisite Concepts/Skills Students will… Have a basic understanding of how to read the Periodic Table Be able to calculate/convert values based on unit ratios. Be able to complete calculations using significant figures. Have a basic understanding of how to calculate a weighted average. Know the basic properties of the p/n/e. Knowledge Students will… Be able to describe the major contributions made by scientists to the atomic model. Understand the differences between the types of nuclear reactions. Understand the concept of the mole. Skills Students will… Be able to calculate numbers of p/n/e. Be able to write isotopic symbols/notation. Calculate average atomic masses for isotopes. Write nuclear reactions. Be able to solve simple half-life problems. Perform conversions between mass, mole and liter. Vocabulary atom neutron mass number Thomson model Bohr model average atomic mass nuclear equation beta particle mole molar mass law of definite proportions electron Dalton’s theory/model Rutherford model ion atomic mass unit (amu) fission half-life Avogadro’s number proton atomic number Democritus alpha particle isotope radioactive decay fusion plum pudding model nucleus Pacing Guide Unit 2: Atomic theory – 9 class blocks How have scientists contributed to our understanding of the Atomic Model over time? Development of atomic theory – 1 block o Major Theories o Major Differences How do we use the Periodic Table to determine the number of particles present in an atom? How do we use relative abundance and isotopic mass to calculate average atomic mass? Parts of the atom – 2 blocks o Determining numbers of p/n/e o Atomic Mass vs. Atomic Number o Ions and Isotopic symbols o Average atomic mass How do we use isotopic symbols to describe nuclear changes? What is radioactivity and why do substances decay at a predictable rate? Nuclear chemistry – 2 blocks o Radioactive decay (alpha, beta, gamma, etc.) o Fusion and Fission o Half life and stability How do we define the mole and use it in calculations? Mole concept/Avogadro’s Number – 1 block o Mass vs. Mole o Mole vs. Liter o Dimensional Analysis LABS: Isotopes of Pennium (1 block) Assessment Evidence Required Assessments: Two quizzes End of Unit Test Supplemental Assessments: Lab reports Lab activities: Planet XENO Laboratory and Isotopes of Pennium