Download Ecology Review Packet

Chapter 3-6 Review Questions
Section 3-1: What is Ecology?
1. What is ecology? ______________________________
2. What does the biosphere contain? _______________
3. Complete the table about levels of organization:
Level
Definition
Species
A group of individuals that belong to the same
species and live in the same area
Community
Ecosystem
A group of ecosystems that have the same
climate and dominant communities
4. What is the highest level of organization that ecologists
study? _________________
6. How long does energy flow through an ecosystem?
______________________________
7. Complete the table about feeding relationships:
Relationship
Description
Food Chain
Food Web
8. What is a trophic level? ________________________
9. In a food web, what organisms make up the first trophic
level? _________________
10. What does a consumer in a food chain depend on for
energy? ______________________
11. What is an ecological pyramid?
________________________________________________
Section 3-2: Energy Flow:
1. What are autotrophs? _____________________________
12. Why is it that only part of the energy stored in one
trophic level is passed on to the next level?
________________________________________________
2. What is chemosynthesis? _________________________
13. What is biomass? ________________________________
3. Heterotrophs are also called __________________.
Section 3-3: Cycles of Matter:
1. Matter moves through an ecosystem in ______________
4. Plant and animal remains and other dead matter are
collectively called ______________.
5. Complete the table about types of heterotrophs:
Type
Definition
Examples
Herbivore
Cows, rabbits
Heterotroph that eats
animals
Omnivore
Humans, bears,
crows
Detritivore
Decomposer
2. What do biogeochemical cycles connect? ____________
3. Water can enter the atmosphere by evaporating from the
leaves of plants in the process of ___________________.
4. Circle the letter of each process involved in the water
cycle:
a. Precipitation
b. Evaporation
c. Runoff
d. Fertilization
5. What are 3 nutrient cycles that play especially
prominent roles in the biosphere?
a. ____________________________________
b. ____________________________________
c. ____________________________________
6. In what process do plants use carbon dioxide? _______
7. Why do all organisms require nitrogen?
________________________________________
8. What is nitrogen fixation? _________________________
______________________________
9. What is denitrification? ____________________________
____________________________
10. What is the primary productivity of an ecosystem?
_______________________________
Section 4-1: The Role of Climate:
1. Circle the letter of the world’s insulating blanket:
a. Oxygen
b. The atmosphere c. The oceans d. Solar energy
2. What effect do carbon dioxide, methane, and a few other
atmospheric gases have on Earth’s temperature?
________________________________________________
3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about
niches:
a. Different species can share the same niche in the same habitat.
b. No two species can share the same niche in the same habitat.
c. Two species in the same habitat have to share a niche to
survive.
d. Different species can occupy niches that are very similar.
4. When does competition occur? _____________________
____________________________
5. What is a resource? ______________________________
6. What is predation? _______________________________
7. When predation occurs, what is the organism called that
does the killing and eating, and what is the food
organism called? _______________; ________________
8. What is symbiosis? _______________________________
9. Complete the table about main classes of symbiotic
relationships:
Class
Description of Relationship
Mutualism
Commensalism
3. What is the greenhouse effect? _____________________
______________________________
Section 4-2: What Shapes and Ecosystem?
1. Complete the table about factors that influence
ecosystems:
Type of Factor
Definition
Examples
Biotic factors
Abiotic factors
2. What is a niche? _________________________________
Parasitism
10. The organism from which a parasite obtains nutritional
needs is called a (an) ________.
11. What is ecological succession? _________________
______________________________
12. What is primary succession? _______________________
13. The first species to populate an area when primary
succession begins are called _______________________
Section 4-3: Biomes:
1. What is a biome? _________________________________
Section 4-4: Aquatic Ecosystems:
1. What are the 2 main types of freshwater ecosystems?
_______________ and ______________
2. What is plankton? ________________________________
3. What are estuaries? ___________________________
4. Organisms that live attached or near the bottom of the
ocean are called _____________
Section 5-1: How Populations Grow:
1. What are the 4 main characteristics of a population?
a. ____________________ c. ______________________
b. ____________________ d. ______________________
2. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about
populations.
a.
b.
c.
d.
They can grow rapidly.
They can decrease in size.
They may stay the same size from year to year.
They stay the same size until they disappear.
3. What 3 factors can affect population size?
a. _____________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________
4. If more individuals are born than die in any period of
time, how will the population change? _______________
5. Complete the table about changes in population:
Type of Change
Definition
Resulting Change in Size
Immigration
Emigration
6. Circle each sentence that is true about exponential
growth:
a.
b.
c.
d.
It continues until the organism covers the planet.
It continues at the same rate as resources become less available.
It does not continue in natural populations for very long.
It continues in natural populations until the birthrate increases.
7. When resources become less available, how does
population growth change? ________________________
8. Circle the letter of each instance when a population’s
growth will slow down:
a.
b.
c.
d.
The birthrate and death rate are the same.
The birthrate is greater than the death rate.
The rate of immigration is equal to the rate of emigration.
The rate of emigration is less than the rate of immigration.
9. What is the carrying capacity of the environment for a
particular species? _______________________________
Section 5-2: Limits to Growth:
1. What is a limiting factor? __________________________
___________________________
2. What is a density-dependent limiting factor? __________
_________________________
3. What are 4 density-dependent limiting factors?
a. __________________
c. ______________________
b. __________________
d. ______________________
4. A limiting factor that affects all populations in similar
ways, regardless of population size is called a(an)
___________________________.
Section 6-1: A Changing Landscape:
1. Increasing demands on what resources come with a
growing human population? _______________________
5. What are examples of density-dependent limiting
factors? ________________________________________
2. True or False: Human activity uses as much energy as all
of Earth’s other multicellular species combined.
Section 5-3: Human Population Growth:
1. How does the size of the human population change with
time? ____________________________________
3. What 4 human activities have transformed the
biosphere?
a. ___________________________
b. ___________________________
c. ___________________________
d. ___________________________
2. Why did the population grow slowly for most of the
human existence? ________________________________
3. Circle the letter of each reason why the human
population began to grow more rapidly about 500 years
ago:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Improved sanitation and health care reduced the death rate.
Industry made life easier and safer.
The world’s food supply became more reliable.
Birthrates in most places remained low.
4. Why can’t the human population keep growing
exponentially forever? ____________________________
5. What is demography? _________________________
6. What factors lower the death rate? _________________
7. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about
human population growth:
a. The demographic transition is complete in China and India.
b. The worldwide human population is still growing
exponentially.
c. Most people live in countries that have not yet completed the
demographic transition.
d. The demographic transition has happened in the United
States.
8. What do age-structure diagrams graph? _____________
4. What occurred during the Industrial Revolution of the
1800’s? ________________________________________
Section 6-2: Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources:
1. Complete the table about types of environmental
resources:
Type of Resource
Definition
Examples
Renewable
resources
Nonrenewable
resources
2. What is sustainable development? _______________
_______________________________________________
3. How do human activities affect renewable resources?
_______________________________________________
4. What are 5 characteristics of sustainable use?
a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________
c. __________________________________
d. __________________________________
e. __________________________________
5. What is deforestation and how does it affect soil?
_______________________________________________
9. Plants and animals that have migrated to places where
they are not native are called ___________________
6. How does the burning of fossil fuels affect air quality?
_______________________________________________
10. What is conservation? ____________________________
7. What does acid rain contain that kills plants and harms
soil? ___________________________________________
Section 6-4: Charting a Course for the Future:
1. Where is ozone concentrated in the atmosphere?
________________________________
Section 6-3: Biodiversity:
1. What is biodiversity? _____________________________
2. What is causing the problem of ozone depletion?
_________________________________
2. What are 4 ways that human activity can reduce
biodiversity?
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
d. ________________________
3. When does extinction occur? _____________________
4. A species whose population size is declining in a way
that places it in danger of extinction is called a(an)
__________________.
5. The process of splitting a habitat into small pieces is
called ______________.
6. What is DDT? ___________________________________
7. What 2 properties of DDT make it hazardous over the
long term?
a. ___________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________
8. What is biological magnification? __________________
_______________________________________________
3. What is global warming?
_______________________________________________