Download Biology Spring Semester Final Review Guide 2011

Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
Biology Spring Semester Final Review Guide 2012
**This is due, completed, on Wednesday May 23. It is worth 55 points.**
Helpful Information:
1. Test is about 75 multiple choice questions. Be ready with pencil on the day of the test.
2. Topics that will be covered: History of Life (chapter 12), The theory of evolution (chapter 13), Photosynthesis
and Cellular Respiration (chapter 5), Populations (chapter 15), Ecosystems (chapter 16), Biologic Communities
(chapter 17), Classification (Chapter 14), Kingdoms (chapter 19), Viruses and Bacteria (chapter 20), Protists
(chapter 21), Fungi (chapter 22), Plants (chapters 22, 23, 25, 26), Animals (chapter 27)
3. Study ALL lab book pages and review ALL handouts/labs!
4. You will be allowed to have one index card for use on your final exam. It must be no larger than a 4”x6” index
card. It can have writing on both sides. Information on the card must be hand written and cannot be typed. It will
be collected at the end of the exam.
5. Recommended vocabulary is below. You DO NOT need to define all vocabulary words as part of this assignment.
Scientific Method
Qualitative
Quantitative
Inference
Observation
Hypothesis
Prediction
Biology
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Heredity
Mutation
History of Life
adaptation
arthropod
extinction
fossil
gradualism
half-life
mass extinction
microsphere
natural selection
population
punctual equilibrium
radio isotope
radiometric dating
reproductive isolation
vertebrate
Evolution
archaebacteria
continental drift
cyanobacteria
divergence
endosymbiosis
eubacteria
homologous structure
mutualism
mycorrhizae
paleontologist
protist
speciation
subspecies
vestigial structure
Photo and CR
Anaerobic respiration
Cellular respiration
Fermentation
Glycolysis
Lactic acid fermentation
ATP
ADP
Krebs cycle
Aerobic respiration
Election transport
Mitochondria
Biochemical pathway
Carotenoid
Chlorophyll
Light reaction
Photosynthesis
Pigment
Stroma
Populations, Ecosystems
and Communities
Ecology
Community
Habitat
Ecosystem
Population
Producer
Consumer
Trophic level
Food chain
Food web
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Decomposer
Primary productivity
Biomass
Evaporation
Transpiration
Ground water
Respiration
Combustion
Erosion
Fossil fuel
Nitrogen fixation
Classification
Binomial nomenclature
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain
Kingdoms
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Protest
Hypha
Invertebrate
Vertebrate
Viruses and Bacteria
Virus
Pathogen
Capsid
Envelope
Glycoprotein
Bacteriophage
Lytic
Lysogenic
Bacillus
Coccus
Spirillum
Capsule
Antibiotic
Conjugation
Protists
Algae
Flagellates
Molds
Sporozoans
Fungi
Hyphae
Mycelium
Zygomycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Septa
Lichen
Plants
Stoma
Guard cell
Seed
Embryo
Flower
Phloem
Xylem
Root
Monocot
Dicot
Pollination
Cotyledon
Sepal
Stamen
Anther
Pistil
Ovary
Filament
Stigma
Style
Animals
Asymmetrical
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Dorsal
Ventral
Anterior
posterior
1
Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
1. What is the definition of the Theory of Evolution?
2. The finches Darwin studied differed in the shape of their beaks. What did Darwin infer from this
observation?
3. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which individuals tend to survive?
4. What is Lamark’s theory of evolution?
5. If fruit fly wings were clipped short what would their offspring look like according to Lamark?
6. Why are modern day insecticides and antibacterial products no longer working? (hint think about the lab
we did)
7. Natural resources on Earth are limited, therefore what must organisms do to survive?
8. What are the 4 tenets of natural selection? Why is each one necessary?
9. What are homologous structures?
10. What are vestigial structures?
11. What do similar genetic sequences between different species suggest?
12. What is an embryological comparison?
13. What is acclimation?
14. What is adaptation?
15. What is the difference between acclimation and adaptation?
2
Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
16. What is divergence in relation to evolution?
17.
In the above diagram what are the pictures of shells called?
In the above diagram, which organisms are the simplest? Which are the most complex?
In the above diagram, which layer is the oldest? Which is the youngest?
18. What is a cladogram?
Rhesus Monkey
Cladogram
Snapping
Turtle
Kangaroo
Bullfrog
Placenta
Tuna
Human
Foramen magnum
forward + short canine
teeth
Mammary glands
Lamprey
Amnion
Paired legs
Paired appendage + spinal column
Dorsal Nerve cord + notochord
19. What information can you learn from a cladogram?
Based on the cladogram, what do the Snapping Turtle and Monkey have in common?
Based on the cladogram, which organisms have mammary glands?
3
Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
20. What is the process where plants capture sun energy and make complex molecules?
21. Why is chlorophyll green?
22. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
23. What is the equation for cellular respiration?
24. Where does photosynthesis occur?
25. Where does cellular respiration occur?
Rate of photosynthesis
Rate of photosynthesis
Rate of photosynthesis
26.
A
B
Which graph(s) would represent the effect of temperature on photosynthesis?
C
Which graph(s) would represent the effect of sunlight on photosynthesis?
Which graph(s) would represent the effect of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis?
27. What products of photosynthesis are used in cellular respiration?
28. Which organisms perform cellular respiration?
29. In order for aerobic respiration to happen what molecule must be present?
4
Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
30. Which geochemical cycle is the following diagram representing?
In the above diagram Label the process for each Q, R, S and T.
31. Which process is the following diagram representing?
Which processes will remove carbon from the atmosphere?
Which processes will put carbon into the atmosphere?
32. What are the processes of the nitrogen cycle?
33. What is the source of ALL energy in a terrestrial ecosystem?
34. Which organisms in the food web are producers?
35. Which organisms in the food web are primary consumers?
36. Which organisms in the food web are secondary consumers?
5
Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
37. Which best describes what happens to the nutrients in an organism’s body when it dies?
38. Write an example of a simple food chain.
39. How much energy is transferred from one trophic
level to the next?
40. Why are plants the first trophic level?
41. Frogs rely on grasshoppers as a food source. Grasshoppers eat plants. What would happen to the frogs if
the grasshoppers plant source was killed off? Sketch a food chain of this situation and describe the
effects of the situation.
42. What is carrying capacity?
43. What would happen to a population if it exceeded (went over) carrying capacity? Explain.
44. Describe two ways a population can increase in size.
45. Describe two ways a population can decrease in size
46. Place the following in order of ecological organization:
community, ecosystem, organism, population, biosphere
6
Name: _____________________________________
Kenya
Date: ________
U.S.A
Period: ___
Germany
Use the graph provided to answer the following 3 questions:
47. Explain what the graph is representing.
48. In 40 years in Germany, what profession will be in high demand? How do you know?
49. Which country will the population expect to increase drastically in the future?
Use the following image to the right to answer the next question:
50. Explain the role of the following organisms
in this food web. Explain the prey and predators
for each and also whether they are producers or
level of consumer.
a. Penguin-
b. Seal7
Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
51. What is the original source of energy in this web?
52. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Provide an example of an organism for
each.
53. Explain the following type of relationships:
a. Commensalism:
b. Mutualism:
c. Parasitism:
Classification
54. Name TWO differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
55. Label the following either a prokaryote or eukaryote:
a. Bacteria-
Fungi-
b. Archae -
Protists-
c. Plants-
Animals-
56. Who came up with binomial nomenclature?
57. What is binomial nomenclature?
58. Place the following classification categories in order from most broad to most specific
order, genus, class, kingdom, phylum, species, family
59. Label the following shapes of bacteria:
8
Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
Use the image for the next 2 questions.
60. Explain how the structures help each of the above organisms move.
i. Organism Aii. Organism Biii. Organism C61. Which of the above organisms is a(n):
iv. Parameciumv. Amoeba62. The protists “Euglenids” are green in color. What conclusions can you draw about this organism’s
process of meeting its energy needs?
63. How do fungi gain energy? What structures do they have to help them do so?
64. Why are fungi crucial to an ecosystem?
65. Provided the following descriptions, identify the kingdom you would find these organisms.
B. unicellular, autotrophic, and has a nucleus C. unicellular, autotrophic, lacking a nucleus –
D. multi-cellular, heterotrophic, nucleusE. unicellular, no nucleus, flagellaF. unicellular, nucleus, flagella-
9
Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
66. Identify the cycle this virus is undergoing. 
67. How is the lysogenic cycle different from the lytic cycle?
68. What does “invertebrate” mean?
69. Explain the difference between radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry. SKETCH an image of
organism for each type.
70. What phylum are each of the following organisms found:
a. Segmented wormsb. Fishc. Squid/Octopusd. Frogs71. What type of organisms have an open circulatory system?
72. What type of organisms have an closed circulatory system?
73. Identify the phylums with the following characteristics:
a. invertebrate, bilateral symmetry, mantle, 3 heartsb. vertebrate, gills, 2-chambered heart, bilateral symmetryc. invertebrate, bilateral symmetry, septad. vertebrate, lungs, 3-chambered heart 10
Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
74. Circle THE characteristic that ALL animals have in common
a. bilateral symmetry
autotrophic
diploid cells
no backbone
Plants/Flowers
75. What structures transport water within a plant?
76. What structures transport nutrients within a plant?
77. What characteristics differ between monocots and dicots? Fill in the table below:
a. Monocots
Dicots
78. What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination?
79. Identify the structures of the flower:
a. ab. bc. cd. de. ef. fg. g-
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Name: _____________________________________
Date: ________
Period: ___
80. Describe the purpose of the following structures:
a. Antherb. Stigmac. Petalsd. Sepals-
81. What needs to happen for fertilization to take place once a flower receives the pollen?
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