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BI 101 – Exam #1 – Fall 2009 1. Ecology is best described as the study of A. classifying organisms taxonomically. B. organisms in Domains Archaea and Eukaryota. C. the ethical treatment of animals. D. interrelationships between organisms and their environment. E. human impacts on the environment and one other. 2. Perception is best described as the process of A. interpreting sensory information. B. creating observable phenomena. C. creating repetitive patterns in nature. D. using skills, not foundational knowledge. E. studying the diversity of organisms. 3. Which of the following is a characteristic necessary to be considered an organism (alive)? A. Can produce energy-rich sugars from sunlight energy. B. Can reproduce. C. Is sessile. D. Consists of more than one cell (multicellular). E. Has eukaryotic cells. 4. Carl Linnaeus developed a system of classification that included scientific names. Leopards have the scientific name Panthera pardus. Panthera is the leopard’s _____ name. A. Family B. Class C. Genus D. Order E. Phylum 5. Domain Eukaryota contains organisms in Kingdoms A. Archaea, Protista, and Bacteria B. Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista C. Archaea and Bacteria D. Plantae, Animalia, and Archaea E. Animalia, Bacteria, and Plantae 6. Which of the following is an example of a spore-forming vascular plant? A. Lichen B. Algae C. Fern D. Moss E. Apple Tree 7. Which structure is correctly matched with its corresponding function? A. Trichomes - Swollen taproots of plants where starch is stored. B. Stomata (Stomates) - vessels that carry sugars to plant roots. C. Sepals - Openings in leaves through which gases are exchanged. D. Flowers - Plant reproduction. E. Root Hairs - Portions of plants that produce spores. 8. What is the name of the “male” part of a flower that includes the anther, which produces the pollen grains? A. Stigma B. Sepal C. Stamen D. Style E. Ovule 9. From recitation and the textbook, which pollinator is correctly matched with the flower type that it is commonly attracted to? A. Bee – red, tubular, hanging flowers B. Night-feeding moth – pale or light green flowers with heavy fragrance C. Fly – blue and purple tubular flowers D. Hummingbird – bright white saucershaped flowers E. Bat – red, orange, and yellow composite flowers. 10. Which of the following plants primarily uses wind to disperse its seeds? A. Burdock B. Apple C. Lupine D. Oak E. Fireweed Use the following image to answer question 11. 11. In the above image of an opened bean seed, the large kidney-shaped, fleshy area at the tip of the arrow is a(n) A. cotyledon. B. root. C. embryonic leaf. D. hilum. E. pollen grain. Use the following chart and pictures to answer question 12. Drupe Pome Berry Hesperidium Pepo Thin outer skin, center of fruit has a single large stone or pit. Thin outer skin, center of fruit has a papery barrier that surrounds several seeds. Thin outer skin, center of fruit lacks a papery barrier and is soft. Firm or leathery outer skin, inside of fruit is divided into segments. Firm or leathery outer skin, inside of fruit is not divided into segments. 13. From the textbook, which of the following correctly characterizes wildflowers on the floor of a deciduous forest? A. Most do not bloom until the forest canopy closes in early summer. B. Most bloom when the leaves drop off the trees in the early fall. C. Flowers are often not specialized for particular pollinators. D. Predominant colors of the flowers are orange and yellow. E. Few parasites impact these plants, so the flowers can grow very large in size. 14. From the textbook, what is the advantage of a “twisting seed” shape that can untwist when it is lying on the ground and exposed to rain? A. Herbivores can not eat these seed types, even when they are moist. B. The seed is buried into the ground as it untwists. C. Wet untwisted seeds easily attach to animals, their primary form of dispersal. D. Twisted seeds have a fleshy fruit that ripens when wet. E. Twisted seeds are not typically attacked by parasites. Use the following figure to answer question 15. K L M 12. Using the chart above, the apple is an example of a(n) _____ and the orange is a example of a(n) _____. A. drupe; pome B. drupe; hesperidium C. berry; drupe D. pome; hesperidium E. pepo; pome 15. In the above biomass energy pyramid, the largest section of the pyramid labeled “M” most likely represents the A. Carnivores B. Scavengers C. Omnivores D. Producers E. Herbivores 16. What is produced from the process of photosynthesis? A. CO2 + O2 + heat B. sugar + heat + light C. sugar + O2 D. sugar + CO2 E. H2O + CO2 + heat 17. In food webs, decomposers A. are the only organisms that do not carry out the process of respiration. B. primarily break corpses into detritus which will be consumed by detritivores. C. break down small organic material into nutrients that can be recycled back to producers. D. convert carbon dioxide molecules into oxygen and water. E. convert sugars into energy that can be recycled back to producers. 18. Which of the following is an example of a legume? A. Corn B. Barley C. Soybean D. Millet E. Sorghum 19. Which of the following is a major source of biomass energy? A. Henna B. Wood C. Oil D. Cotton E. Coal 20. Digoxin (also called digitalis) has been primarily used to A. produce linen. B. treat patients with malaria. C. dye fabrics. D. remove excess oxygen from the atmosphere. E. treat patients with heart disease, particularly irregular heartbeats. Use the following picture to answer question 21. 21. The arrow in the above photo is pointing to the _____ layer of wood that consists of xylem cells that transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. A. Sapwood B. Wood Ray C. Latewood D. Heartwood E. Cork Cambium 22. The term _____ is often used to describe gymnosperm tree species (typically conifers). A. Earlywood B. Latewood C. Hardwood D. Softwood E. Serotinous 23. Which of the following is a characteristic of Ponderosa Pine trees? A. Thick bark B. Serotinous cones C. Leaves are scale-like D. Leaves are awl-shaped. E. Needles less than one inch in length 24. Which of the following trees has needle-like leaves that are not in bundles and are commonly sharp and stiff to the touch? A. Fir B. Spruce C. Pine D. Sequoia E. Cedar Use the following dichotomous key and picture to answer question 25. 1A. Leaves in bundles……………..… 2 2A. Leaves many per bundle…….…Atlas Cedar 2B. Leaves five or less per bundle… 3 3A. Leaves 3 per bundle ……….…Ponderosa Pine 3B. Leaves 2 per bundle…………..Lodgepole Pine 1B. Leaves not in bundles ……………. 4 4A. Leaves scale-like…………..… Port Orford Cedar 4B. Leaves needle-like ………...... Douglas Fir 25. Using the key provided above, the tree in the above picture is most likely a(n) A. Atlas Cedar B. Ponderosa Pine C. Lodgepole Pine D. Port Orford Cedar E. Douglas Fir 26. The textbook describes that some oak trees retain their brown dead leaves on their branches for several months, instead of dropping off the leaves as soon as they die. What is the most likely advantage of retaining the leaves? The dead leaves A. have guard cells that still function into the winter. B. protect the stems from insect parasites. C. shade the bark from excessive sun exposure. D. slowly drop from the tree, gradually returning nutrients to the soil. E. reduce competition for space with other tree species. 27. From the textbook, a large spherical growth on the trunks of maples, spruce, birch, and many other trees is called a A. guard cell. B. burl. C. knee. D. juglone. E. lignin. 28. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor that may be leading to declines in frog populations? A. An increase in predators, including snakes. B. An increase in parasites. C. Loss of the insects frogs eat. D. Water pollution. E. A reduction in the mates available to frogs at reproductive age. 29. Two birds of different species fight for the same seed. This is an example of A. predation. B. detritivory. C. mutualism. D. intraspecific competition. E. interspecific competition. 30. Oak galls typically are an example of A. predation. B. detritivory. C. mutualism. D. competition. E. parasitism. 31. Carnivorous plants A. have modified roots that catch prey. B. can carry out respiration, but not photosynthesis. C. are typically found in habitats with nutrient-poor soils. D. are scavengers. E. are only located in the southern hemisphere. 32. The part of the biosphere that includes soil organisms is the A. atmosphere. B. hydrosphere. C. ecosphere. D. lithosphere. E. climosphere. 33. Which of the following is an animal-like microscopic organism classified in Kingdom Protista? A. Amoeba B. Azolla C. Anabaena D. Hymenoptera E. Homoptera 34. How can Escherichia coli (E. coli) benefit humans? E. coli A. reduces blood clotting. B. attacks intestinal parasites, particularly worms. C. synthesizes vitamin K2. D. provides antibodies against parasites. E. destroys fungi that attack human skin. 35. Which vegetable is correctly matched with the structure that is primarily consumed? A. Sweet Potato - stem B. Cabbage - root C. Radish - leaf D. Onion - flower buds E. Celery - petiole 36. Which of the following plants produces a seed that was eaten raw, soaked in fluids, or ground into a meal by the Aztecs? A. Thyme B. Chia C. Sage D. Basil E. Kale 37. From the video in lab, what is the most likely relationship between the goby fish and the shrimp? A. Predation B. Parasitism C. Commensalism D. Mutualism E. Competition 38. Which of the following organisms observed in lab is prokaryotic? A. Azolla B. Cyanobacteria C. Algae D. Wasp E. Oak Tree 39. From the textbook, leaf mines are typically caused by A. lenticels. B. pine resin. C. insect larva. D. recessive mutations. E. loss of chloroplasts. 40. Trichomes are A. oils that repel parasites. B. small hair-like structures on leaves. C. cells that assist plants in regulating the exchange of gases. D. openings on stems. E. flat attachments between leaf blades and stems. End of the Exam You can keep this exam booklet. Exam answers will be posted at the BI 101 website this evening at 6:50 p.m.: http://science.oregonstate.edu/bi10x Class results will be available later this week.