08
... Seed collection is very difficult for this species as very few trees produce viable seeds, and seeds do not mature at the same time. In addition, seeds are vulnerable to rat and invertebrate predation. Seventy-two seeds were collected from one prolifically fruiting tree in Makaha this year and taken ...
... Seed collection is very difficult for this species as very few trees produce viable seeds, and seeds do not mature at the same time. In addition, seeds are vulnerable to rat and invertebrate predation. Seventy-two seeds were collected from one prolifically fruiting tree in Makaha this year and taken ...
2. revegetation
... For larger road projects that have been subject to statutory assessment by the Environmental Protection Authority, specific objectives will be set. Environmental constraints may apply on plant species selection, seed collection and propagation. The Asset Manager may also set revegetation objectives. ...
... For larger road projects that have been subject to statutory assessment by the Environmental Protection Authority, specific objectives will be set. Environmental constraints may apply on plant species selection, seed collection and propagation. The Asset Manager may also set revegetation objectives. ...
CH03
... carries the designation, ‘manage reintroduction for storage’ to clarify that wild plants no longer exist at the site but the reintroduced plants are valuable as stock representing the Kapuna PU. The ‘manage as a propagule source’ category has been eliminated. NRS Mature, Immature 2004: The number of ...
... carries the designation, ‘manage reintroduction for storage’ to clarify that wild plants no longer exist at the site but the reintroduced plants are valuable as stock representing the Kapuna PU. The ‘manage as a propagule source’ category has been eliminated. NRS Mature, Immature 2004: The number of ...
asian elephants are essential as seed dispersers in a
... functionally unique in their contribution to many ecological processes. One such ecosystem process is seed dispersal, but few studies have measured the relative importance of a megaherbivore species and sympatric seed dispersers. This dissertation explores how the loss of Asian elephants (Elephas ma ...
... functionally unique in their contribution to many ecological processes. One such ecosystem process is seed dispersal, but few studies have measured the relative importance of a megaherbivore species and sympatric seed dispersers. This dissertation explores how the loss of Asian elephants (Elephas ma ...
Does multiple seed loading in Blue Jays result in selective dispersal
... seeds farther from their source than smaller seeds, potentially increasing seedling establishment in larger-seeded plants. Size-biased dispersal is evident in many oaks (Quercus) and is true both across and within species. Here, we predict that intraspecifc variation in seed size also influences aco ...
... seeds farther from their source than smaller seeds, potentially increasing seedling establishment in larger-seeded plants. Size-biased dispersal is evident in many oaks (Quercus) and is true both across and within species. Here, we predict that intraspecifc variation in seed size also influences aco ...
Seed Dynamics and Seedling Establishment of Woody Species in
... effect of litter cover and light level on seedling emergence of 9 common cerrado woody species. Finally, I evaluated the effect of pulses of heat on seed germination of 5 common cerrado woody species under controlled conditions. The overall results of this study show that regardless of tree canopy c ...
... effect of litter cover and light level on seedling emergence of 9 common cerrado woody species. Finally, I evaluated the effect of pulses of heat on seed germination of 5 common cerrado woody species under controlled conditions. The overall results of this study show that regardless of tree canopy c ...
the PDF document (part 2)
... seeds. These seeds may be moved long distances to caches under forest litter. Some seed predators (Section ) inadvertently act as dispersers because many of the hoarded seeds are never consumed and germinate in the caches (Hutchins and Lanner ). Secondary dispersal refers to the movement of see ...
... seeds. These seeds may be moved long distances to caches under forest litter. Some seed predators (Section ) inadvertently act as dispersers because many of the hoarded seeds are never consumed and germinate in the caches (Hutchins and Lanner ). Secondary dispersal refers to the movement of see ...
Prairie Primer - The Learning Store
... 1. Prairie plants put two-thirds of their few form hard seed covers to protect growth underground. Long roots seeds until conditions are proper for reach deep into the soil for moisture; germination. food reserves are protected from 5. Pollination takes advantage of the above-ground extremes (see fi ...
... 1. Prairie plants put two-thirds of their few form hard seed covers to protect growth underground. Long roots seeds until conditions are proper for reach deep into the soil for moisture; germination. food reserves are protected from 5. Pollination takes advantage of the above-ground extremes (see fi ...
LIFE HISTORY VARIATION AND DIET OF THE ENDANGERED
... levels of genetic variation within a population are generally thought to be indicative of a population’s expressed variation, either phenotypic or behavioral, and are directly correlated to the population’s fitness and long term adaptive potential (Lande and Barrowclough 1987, Reed and Frankham 2003 ...
... levels of genetic variation within a population are generally thought to be indicative of a population’s expressed variation, either phenotypic or behavioral, and are directly correlated to the population’s fitness and long term adaptive potential (Lande and Barrowclough 1987, Reed and Frankham 2003 ...
Predicting species` maximum dispersal distances from simple plant
... Data on seed dispersal distances and plant traits To compile our data set, we used six previous studies that summarized published dispersal information and addressed a large number of species (Willson 1993, Hughes et al. 1994, Cain et al. 1998, Bullock and Clarke 2000, Ness et al. 2004, Vittoz and E ...
... Data on seed dispersal distances and plant traits To compile our data set, we used six previous studies that summarized published dispersal information and addressed a large number of species (Willson 1993, Hughes et al. 1994, Cain et al. 1998, Bullock and Clarke 2000, Ness et al. 2004, Vittoz and E ...
Infertile seeds of Yucca schottii: a beneficial role for the plant in the
... Mutualism is an important interaction for many taxa and communities, and is widely found in many environments (Boucher et al. 1982, Addicott 1984, Bronstein 1994). A species interaction is considered to be mutualistic whenever each species experiences a higher net benefit when associated with the ot ...
... Mutualism is an important interaction for many taxa and communities, and is widely found in many environments (Boucher et al. 1982, Addicott 1984, Bronstein 1994). A species interaction is considered to be mutualistic whenever each species experiences a higher net benefit when associated with the ot ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... divided by the number of plants in the patch, and then divided by the time of observation per plant, thus number of visits per plant per hour. Observations were made of five to ten plants per patch for 20 to 30 min, which was appropriate given the relatively frequent visits and easy view of a large ...
... divided by the number of plants in the patch, and then divided by the time of observation per plant, thus number of visits per plant per hour. Observations were made of five to ten plants per patch for 20 to 30 min, which was appropriate given the relatively frequent visits and easy view of a large ...
Context dependency in acorn predation and dispersal Apodemus sylvaticus
... Earth's biodiversity results from a complex evolutionary history of interactions among organisms. Plant-animal interactions are a paradigmatic example of such ecological relationships, from antagonistic to mutualistic relationships, although determining its result might be difficult, like in the cas ...
... Earth's biodiversity results from a complex evolutionary history of interactions among organisms. Plant-animal interactions are a paradigmatic example of such ecological relationships, from antagonistic to mutualistic relationships, although determining its result might be difficult, like in the cas ...
plant endophyte in food chain – friend or foe?
... have attracted increasing attention since observations of toxicosis on livestock grazing fungal-infected tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub.] pastures in USA and New Zealand in the mid-20th century and the majority of research on grass endophytes has focused on endophyte-mediated resista ...
... have attracted increasing attention since observations of toxicosis on livestock grazing fungal-infected tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub.] pastures in USA and New Zealand in the mid-20th century and the majority of research on grass endophytes has focused on endophyte-mediated resista ...
Planting Hardwood Seedlings in the Central
... least a shoot height of 18 inches (18 to 24 inches preferred) (Allen et al. 2001). The caliper of the seedling measured at the root collar (the part of the root just below ground level) should be at least 1⁄4 inch thick. Some species, such as white oak (Quercus alba L.), can be excellent seedlings a ...
... least a shoot height of 18 inches (18 to 24 inches preferred) (Allen et al. 2001). The caliper of the seedling measured at the root collar (the part of the root just below ground level) should be at least 1⁄4 inch thick. Some species, such as white oak (Quercus alba L.), can be excellent seedlings a ...
Evolutionary Ecology of Weeds - Iowa State University Agronomy
... concepts in this book. I also relied on Jonathan Silvertown‘s two demographic-centric textbooks (Silvertown and Doust, 1993; Silvertown and Charlesworth, 2001) to fill out the scope of that course. Learning from students. The contributions of all past graduate students in Agronomy 517 (and now 417 f ...
... concepts in this book. I also relied on Jonathan Silvertown‘s two demographic-centric textbooks (Silvertown and Doust, 1993; Silvertown and Charlesworth, 2001) to fill out the scope of that course. Learning from students. The contributions of all past graduate students in Agronomy 517 (and now 417 f ...
Verbascum thapsus Recent Advances in Research REVIEW ARTICLE
... concluded that the species had a C3 photosynthetic pathway. Wuenscher (1970) shaved the dense trichomes of the leaves of V. thapsus L. and found that the unshaved half of the leaf was consistently warmer than the shaved half. The hairs must, then, affect the leaf energy exchange, since two halves of ...
... concluded that the species had a C3 photosynthetic pathway. Wuenscher (1970) shaved the dense trichomes of the leaves of V. thapsus L. and found that the unshaved half of the leaf was consistently warmer than the shaved half. The hairs must, then, affect the leaf energy exchange, since two halves of ...
Three^way interactions between Acacia, large mammalian herbivores
... Ward (1999) found that the number of A. tortilis seeds accumulated on the ground after 12 weeks of pod maturation in the absence of herbivores was 460 times greater than the number of seeds accumulated in the presence of herbivores. Coe & Coe (1987) suggested the following mechanism for increased ge ...
... Ward (1999) found that the number of A. tortilis seeds accumulated on the ground after 12 weeks of pod maturation in the absence of herbivores was 460 times greater than the number of seeds accumulated in the presence of herbivores. Coe & Coe (1987) suggested the following mechanism for increased ge ...
View Chapter 11. Strategy for Stabilization of the OIP Target Plant Taxa
... known historical range or likely suitable habitat of a taxon. Reintroduction is defined in this plan as establishing a number of individuals into a geographic area within a taxon’s historic range that is currently not known to contain the taxon, with the express purpose of establishing a sustained o ...
... known historical range or likely suitable habitat of a taxon. Reintroduction is defined in this plan as establishing a number of individuals into a geographic area within a taxon’s historic range that is currently not known to contain the taxon, with the express purpose of establishing a sustained o ...
3. MANAGING CRESTED WHEATGRASS in Native
... situations and recovers from drought faster than many native species. • Prolific seed production: Seeds remain viable in the soil for up to five years, which allows the number of seeds in the soil to accumulate. Crested wheatgrass stands in southeastern Alberta that were 29 to 38 years old, containe ...
... situations and recovers from drought faster than many native species. • Prolific seed production: Seeds remain viable in the soil for up to five years, which allows the number of seeds in the soil to accumulate. Crested wheatgrass stands in southeastern Alberta that were 29 to 38 years old, containe ...
THE EFFECTS OF FIRE AND GRAZING MANAGEMENT ON
... higher in the annually burned site but not significantly so. In the seedling emergence trial, no consistent trend was identified in individual treatments but emergence was generally favored in control plots (associated with standing vegetation), and reduced in clipped plots (associated with a short ...
... higher in the annually burned site but not significantly so. In the seedling emergence trial, no consistent trend was identified in individual treatments but emergence was generally favored in control plots (associated with standing vegetation), and reduced in clipped plots (associated with a short ...
Competition Among Insects, Birds and Mammals for Conifer Steeds
... cate, however, that differences between not significantly greater in numbers of cones and trees add little or nothing to the seeds per cone in cones taken from several variance in seed quality (Smith, 1968). The annual crops than in cones taken from one coefficient of variation differs from 5.5% to ...
... cate, however, that differences between not significantly greater in numbers of cones and trees add little or nothing to the seeds per cone in cones taken from several variance in seed quality (Smith, 1968). The annual crops than in cones taken from one coefficient of variation differs from 5.5% to ...
Pollen Analysis
... Pollen and Vegetation • Surface pollen composition is different than vegetation composition and abundance. • Pollen composition at a given point within an ecosystem is fairly consistent. • But, pollen compositions at different sites within the same ecosystem are slightly different. • However, the d ...
... Pollen and Vegetation • Surface pollen composition is different than vegetation composition and abundance. • Pollen composition at a given point within an ecosystem is fairly consistent. • But, pollen compositions at different sites within the same ecosystem are slightly different. • However, the d ...
Ecology of Thrips
... stable source of food for developing larvae in some species (Funderburk et al. 2002). The common flower thrips in northern Florida are three native species, including Frankliniella bispinosa, Frankliniella tritici, and Frankliniella fusca, and a non-native species Frankliniella occidentalis. Fifty y ...
... stable source of food for developing larvae in some species (Funderburk et al. 2002). The common flower thrips in northern Florida are three native species, including Frankliniella bispinosa, Frankliniella tritici, and Frankliniella fusca, and a non-native species Frankliniella occidentalis. Fifty y ...
limiting factors of five rare plant species in mesic forests, hawai`i
... Allograpata exotica at flowers of Melicope hawaiensis in Kīpuka Puaulu and a kīpuka on the western boundary near Peter Lee Road in September 2007 and March 2008. ................... 50 Table 4. Insect predation on collected mature capsules of sampled Melicope hawaiensis trees in Kīpuka Puaulu and a ...
... Allograpata exotica at flowers of Melicope hawaiensis in Kīpuka Puaulu and a kīpuka on the western boundary near Peter Lee Road in September 2007 and March 2008. ................... 50 Table 4. Insect predation on collected mature capsules of sampled Melicope hawaiensis trees in Kīpuka Puaulu and a ...
Banksia brownii
Banksia brownii, commonly known as Feather-leaved Banksia or Brown's Banksia, is a species of shrub that grows in southwest Western Australia. An attractive plant with fine feathery leaves and large red-brown flower spikes, it usually grows as an upright bush around two metres (7 ft) high, but can also occur as a small tree or a low spreading shrub. First collected in 1829 and published the following year, it is placed in Banksia subgenus Banksia, section Oncostylis, series Spicigerae. There are two genetically distinct forms.B. brownii occurs naturally only in two population clusters between Albany and the Stirling Range in southwest Western Australia. In the Stirling Range it occurs among heath on rocky mountain slopes; further south it occurs among Jarrah woodland in shallow nutrient-poor sand. It is rare and endangered in its natural habitat, with all major populations currently threatened by Phytophthora cinnamomi dieback, a disease to which the species is highly susceptible. Other threats include loss of habitat, commercial exploitation and changes to the fire regime.Highly valued by Australia's horticultural and cut flower industries, B. brownii is widely cultivated in areas not exposed to dieback. It prefers a sheltered position in soil with good drainage, and must be provided with some moisture over summer.