The Effects of Population Density and Population Size on the
... commonly found in moist open areas such as wet prairies and roadside ditches in the central and northeastern United States and Canada (Sutherland 1986). The flowering period in Iowa is late May to June. Flowers are solitary or in a cyme, and a ramet may have more than one flower open at the same tim ...
... commonly found in moist open areas such as wet prairies and roadside ditches in the central and northeastern United States and Canada (Sutherland 1986). The flowering period in Iowa is late May to June. Flowers are solitary or in a cyme, and a ramet may have more than one flower open at the same tim ...
Growing Oak Trees from Seed NREM-5031 Robert F. Wittwer
... existing forest where there is abundant cover for rodents. Forest openings larger than two acres or old fields relatively free of competing vegetation provide the best opportunities for successful seeding of oak. ...
... existing forest where there is abundant cover for rodents. Forest openings larger than two acres or old fields relatively free of competing vegetation provide the best opportunities for successful seeding of oak. ...
Ant-mediated seed dispersal - Scholar Press
... & HEITHAUS 1988, PIZO & OLIVEIRA 2001). Many myrmecochory studies employ tuna baits – relying on the fact that tuna contains chemical compounds similar to those in seed elaiosomes (see MARSHALL & al. 1979, BESTELMEYER & al. 2000). We examined whether tuna baits may overestimate seed-dispersing ant r ...
... & HEITHAUS 1988, PIZO & OLIVEIRA 2001). Many myrmecochory studies employ tuna baits – relying on the fact that tuna contains chemical compounds similar to those in seed elaiosomes (see MARSHALL & al. 1979, BESTELMEYER & al. 2000). We examined whether tuna baits may overestimate seed-dispersing ant r ...
Seedling emergence and survival in Cinnamomum tamala under
... canopy gaps were of low order and statistically non-significant in disturbed forest. Thus the effect of canopy cover on germination was clear in undisturbed forest only. There were significant differences in the densities of shrubs and herbaceous plants between the two types of forest (Table 1). The ...
... canopy gaps were of low order and statistically non-significant in disturbed forest. Thus the effect of canopy cover on germination was clear in undisturbed forest only. There were significant differences in the densities of shrubs and herbaceous plants between the two types of forest (Table 1). The ...
Angiosperm Reproduction Questions
... d. Female gametophytes develop egg cells, which are fertilized within an ovule that will become a seed. e. Endosperm forms a protective seed coat. What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms? a. The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. b. A triploid zygote is fo ...
... d. Female gametophytes develop egg cells, which are fertilized within an ovule that will become a seed. e. Endosperm forms a protective seed coat. What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms? a. The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. b. A triploid zygote is fo ...
individual and joint effects on plant fitness
... not have a highly branched root system with many fine roots. Rather, plants form a long central tap root, and occasionally also produce a few large side roots. In grasslands, lupine seedling recruitment is episodic, and seedling abundance can vary by several orders of magnitude between years (Maron ...
... not have a highly branched root system with many fine roots. Rather, plants form a long central tap root, and occasionally also produce a few large side roots. In grasslands, lupine seedling recruitment is episodic, and seedling abundance can vary by several orders of magnitude between years (Maron ...
XPS DTDv4.0 BIO2
... and Rose (1996)). Ingested seeds protected in exclosures were not exposed to a greater risk of herbivory and showed similar survival to control seeds. This suggests that, in our study, the influence of early germination on plant establishment was unrelated to climatic effects, and shows that the dif ...
... and Rose (1996)). Ingested seeds protected in exclosures were not exposed to a greater risk of herbivory and showed similar survival to control seeds. This suggests that, in our study, the influence of early germination on plant establishment was unrelated to climatic effects, and shows that the dif ...
mesquite seeds, bruchid beetles, and
... population parameters of these host and parasitoid populations and concluded that the major factor responsible for these different responses was the different functional responses of the two parasitoids (Kistler 1979, 1985). Coevolution of enemies with their prey has been conceptually well developed ...
... population parameters of these host and parasitoid populations and concluded that the major factor responsible for these different responses was the different functional responses of the two parasitoids (Kistler 1979, 1985). Coevolution of enemies with their prey has been conceptually well developed ...
Download chapter 1: Introduction
... process may be substantially influenced by rodents (Mendoza and Dirzo 2007). In the Pacific, invasive non-native animals such as pigs (Sus scrofa), rats, and mice (Mus musculus) can have pronounced effects on the flora and fauna of insular ecosystems (Williams et al. 2000; McConkey et al. 2003; Bie ...
... process may be substantially influenced by rodents (Mendoza and Dirzo 2007). In the Pacific, invasive non-native animals such as pigs (Sus scrofa), rats, and mice (Mus musculus) can have pronounced effects on the flora and fauna of insular ecosystems (Williams et al. 2000; McConkey et al. 2003; Bie ...
High selfing capability and low pollinator visitation in the
... 2005). Specialized pollination systems in epiphytes may enhance pollen flow between conspecific plants but the additional presence of mechanisms that promote autogamy may compensate for the reduced capacity of epiphytes to attract pollinators as a consequence of their highly aggregated spatial distr ...
... 2005). Specialized pollination systems in epiphytes may enhance pollen flow between conspecific plants but the additional presence of mechanisms that promote autogamy may compensate for the reduced capacity of epiphytes to attract pollinators as a consequence of their highly aggregated spatial distr ...
Year-to-year variation in cone production in Wollemia nobilis
... are then produced in intervening years, so that seed predators are starved and hence predator populations decrease (Janzen 1971; Silvertown 1980). In contrast, species with animaldispersed seeds typically show lower variability in seed production, as consistency in fruit production is maintained to ...
... are then produced in intervening years, so that seed predators are starved and hence predator populations decrease (Janzen 1971; Silvertown 1980). In contrast, species with animaldispersed seeds typically show lower variability in seed production, as consistency in fruit production is maintained to ...
Seed size and plant strategy across the whole life cycle
... density of seed rain for each species. We excluded studies that quantified the density of seeds dispersed by animals but did not quantify the density of seeds dispersed by other vectors or seeds that fell beneath the parent plant. We excluded seed rain from boundaries between vegetation types, as th ...
... density of seed rain for each species. We excluded studies that quantified the density of seeds dispersed by animals but did not quantify the density of seeds dispersed by other vectors or seeds that fell beneath the parent plant. We excluded seed rain from boundaries between vegetation types, as th ...
Seedling emergence, growth, and allocation of Oriental bittersweet
... 2.5. Experiment II: response to litter amount and texture We conducted a greenhouse study to examine how litter amount and texture affected seedling emergence and growth. Leaf litter was collected from an oakdominated hardwood stand and oven-dried at 70 8C for 4 days. Seeds were collected in October ...
... 2.5. Experiment II: response to litter amount and texture We conducted a greenhouse study to examine how litter amount and texture affected seedling emergence and growth. Leaf litter was collected from an oakdominated hardwood stand and oven-dried at 70 8C for 4 days. Seeds were collected in October ...
Effects of sand burial depth and seed mass on seedling emergence
... The optimal burial depth of seedling emergence could be strongly influenced by seed mass (Chen and Maun 1999). Seed mass plays a key role in the establishment of the juvenile phase of a plant’s life cycle, and seed mass is a parameter that profoundly influences both germination characteristics and se ...
... The optimal burial depth of seedling emergence could be strongly influenced by seed mass (Chen and Maun 1999). Seed mass plays a key role in the establishment of the juvenile phase of a plant’s life cycle, and seed mass is a parameter that profoundly influences both germination characteristics and se ...
- Wiley Online Library
... costs of defense are thought to be more important and frequent because decreases in plant fitness of defended populations are more readily detected under uncontrolled environmental conditions (Koricheva 2002 for review), suggesting that interactions of plants and their environment (competitors, poll ...
... costs of defense are thought to be more important and frequent because decreases in plant fitness of defended populations are more readily detected under uncontrolled environmental conditions (Koricheva 2002 for review), suggesting that interactions of plants and their environment (competitors, poll ...
- Wiley Online Library
... sometimes altering them in ways that could change plant reproduction, relative abundance, or even the evolutionary trajectory of native plant–pollinator interactions (Ghazoul 2002, Vilà et al. 2009, Albrecht et al. 2014). While some invasive plants appear to have little influence on the pollination ...
... sometimes altering them in ways that could change plant reproduction, relative abundance, or even the evolutionary trajectory of native plant–pollinator interactions (Ghazoul 2002, Vilà et al. 2009, Albrecht et al. 2014). While some invasive plants appear to have little influence on the pollination ...
Latitude, seed predation and seed mass
... relationship between seed mass and latitude, important details regarding the nature of this relationship at a broad scale remain unclear, including details of the amount of variation in seed size that is associated with changes in latitude, and the slope of the relationship at a global scale. Thus, ...
... relationship between seed mass and latitude, important details regarding the nature of this relationship at a broad scale remain unclear, including details of the amount of variation in seed size that is associated with changes in latitude, and the slope of the relationship at a global scale. Thus, ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... root system freely without the restriction of a pot, and they do not suffer from the possible adverse effect of root pruning. This can give seedlings from direct sowing an advantage over seedlings planted in the field. 3. Species suitable for direct sowing Some of the most successful establishment o ...
... root system freely without the restriction of a pot, and they do not suffer from the possible adverse effect of root pruning. This can give seedlings from direct sowing an advantage over seedlings planted in the field. 3. Species suitable for direct sowing Some of the most successful establishment o ...
The foraging behavior of granivorous rodents
... highly preferred seeds of Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides) than when in a patch alone. This effect could occur when a rodent is foraging for seeds of both species and remaining in the mixed-seed patch for an amount of time longer than the time it would spend in a patch that does not have the ...
... highly preferred seeds of Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides) than when in a patch alone. This effect could occur when a rodent is foraging for seeds of both species and remaining in the mixed-seed patch for an amount of time longer than the time it would spend in a patch that does not have the ...
The phenology of growth and reproduction in plants
... The timing of flowering is one of the most widely investigated aspects of the phenology of plant life-cycles, and has been studied on every scale, from the level of the community (Murali & Sukumar 1994) to that of the individual flower (Herrera 1995a). In most plant communities, although at least so ...
... The timing of flowering is one of the most widely investigated aspects of the phenology of plant life-cycles, and has been studied on every scale, from the level of the community (Murali & Sukumar 1994) to that of the individual flower (Herrera 1995a). In most plant communities, although at least so ...
sagnard_etal_2007_ecomod
... Clark and Ji, 1995; Clark et al., 1998, 1999a), and the development of spatially explicit forest dynamics models (Pacala et al., 1996) now make it possible to quantify seed shadow patterns within forest communities and to measure the role played by seed dispersal in natural regeneration dynamics. In ...
... Clark and Ji, 1995; Clark et al., 1998, 1999a), and the development of spatially explicit forest dynamics models (Pacala et al., 1996) now make it possible to quantify seed shadow patterns within forest communities and to measure the role played by seed dispersal in natural regeneration dynamics. In ...
(Corema conradii) benefits from ant seed dispersal in coastal US
... Ericaceae that has winter-persistent, needle-like leaves. The species is endemic to northeastern North America, where it occurs as widely separated populations primarily along the coast from Nova Scotia to NJ (Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program 2007). C. conradii is listed as critically ...
... Ericaceae that has winter-persistent, needle-like leaves. The species is endemic to northeastern North America, where it occurs as widely separated populations primarily along the coast from Nova Scotia to NJ (Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program 2007). C. conradii is listed as critically ...
Competition between harvester ants and rodents in the cold desert
... cover compared to 6.8 percent in 1977), active competition for seeds between the two taxa may have been masked. Ants may exert a stronger influence on rodent distributions in cold desert environments than our data have shown. Because ants have an impact on the total vegetation cover of an area (Roge ...
... cover compared to 6.8 percent in 1977), active competition for seeds between the two taxa may have been masked. Ants may exert a stronger influence on rodent distributions in cold desert environments than our data have shown. Because ants have an impact on the total vegetation cover of an area (Roge ...
An introduction to restoration genetics
... variability could potentially be adaptive, since it is more likely that at least some trees in the population will flower during warm sunny periods when wind pollination is most successful. A diverse array of genotypes appears to be especially important in disease resistance (Schoen and Brown 1993; ...
... variability could potentially be adaptive, since it is more likely that at least some trees in the population will flower during warm sunny periods when wind pollination is most successful. A diverse array of genotypes appears to be especially important in disease resistance (Schoen and Brown 1993; ...
Banksia brownii
Banksia brownii, commonly known as Feather-leaved Banksia or Brown's Banksia, is a species of shrub that grows in southwest Western Australia. An attractive plant with fine feathery leaves and large red-brown flower spikes, it usually grows as an upright bush around two metres (7 ft) high, but can also occur as a small tree or a low spreading shrub. First collected in 1829 and published the following year, it is placed in Banksia subgenus Banksia, section Oncostylis, series Spicigerae. There are two genetically distinct forms.B. brownii occurs naturally only in two population clusters between Albany and the Stirling Range in southwest Western Australia. In the Stirling Range it occurs among heath on rocky mountain slopes; further south it occurs among Jarrah woodland in shallow nutrient-poor sand. It is rare and endangered in its natural habitat, with all major populations currently threatened by Phytophthora cinnamomi dieback, a disease to which the species is highly susceptible. Other threats include loss of habitat, commercial exploitation and changes to the fire regime.Highly valued by Australia's horticultural and cut flower industries, B. brownii is widely cultivated in areas not exposed to dieback. It prefers a sheltered position in soil with good drainage, and must be provided with some moisture over summer.