Costs of two non-mutualistic species in a yucca/yucca moth mutualism
... emerges, and drops to the ground. It forms a cocoon in the soil and remains there at least until the following summer. The genus Prodoxus is one of the closest relatives of the two yucca moth genera (Brown et al. 1994). Prodoxus species feed within leaves or in the sterile tissue of the yucca in¯ore ...
... emerges, and drops to the ground. It forms a cocoon in the soil and remains there at least until the following summer. The genus Prodoxus is one of the closest relatives of the two yucca moth genera (Brown et al. 1994). Prodoxus species feed within leaves or in the sterile tissue of the yucca in¯ore ...
2015_Celaya_et_al_Cuphea_HPollen_Ann Bot
... All three species have similar flower colour (all purple flowers) and shape (all zygomorphic flowers; Alonso et al., 2013) and are considered generalists in their pollination system. Pollinator sharing among all three species is high; pollinators mainly include bees and butterflies, although the pla ...
... All three species have similar flower colour (all purple flowers) and shape (all zygomorphic flowers; Alonso et al., 2013) and are considered generalists in their pollination system. Pollinator sharing among all three species is high; pollinators mainly include bees and butterflies, although the pla ...
Weed Biology
... Weed Seed Banks The number of seeds (or propagules) present in the soil at any given time Seed banks are replenished continually by seed rain from parent plants within the area. Seed bank populations can change daily or even less. ...
... Weed Seed Banks The number of seeds (or propagules) present in the soil at any given time Seed banks are replenished continually by seed rain from parent plants within the area. Seed bank populations can change daily or even less. ...
Phytophthora dieback1.02 MB - Department of Parks and Wildlife
... spread and devastating impacts of Phytophthora dieback in the south-west of WA. Phytophthora dieback is able to spread quickly down slopes and cover long distances if infected water is able to move freely. Its movement is much slower up slope and on flat ground (around one metre per year) as movemen ...
... spread and devastating impacts of Phytophthora dieback in the south-west of WA. Phytophthora dieback is able to spread quickly down slopes and cover long distances if infected water is able to move freely. Its movement is much slower up slope and on flat ground (around one metre per year) as movemen ...
Ostoja, SM, EW Schupp, S. Durham, and R. Klinger. 2013. Seed
... Curriculum Vitae, Eugene W. Schupp Humphrey, L.D.‡ and E.W. Schupp. 1999. Temporal patterns of seedling emergence and early survival of Great Basin perennial plant species. Great Basin Naturalist 59: 35–49. Fuentes, M.‡ and E.W. Schupp. 1998. Empty seeds reduce seed predation by birds in Juniperus o ...
... Curriculum Vitae, Eugene W. Schupp Humphrey, L.D.‡ and E.W. Schupp. 1999. Temporal patterns of seedling emergence and early survival of Great Basin perennial plant species. Great Basin Naturalist 59: 35–49. Fuentes, M.‡ and E.W. Schupp. 1998. Empty seeds reduce seed predation by birds in Juniperus o ...
Advantages of seed dispersal: A re-evaluation of
... Because most seeds die, research on escape has overshadowed colonization and directed dispersal. Because most dispersal does not result in seedling establishment, even by ‘high-quality’ dispersers, directed dispersal is likely to be subtle. Much larger sample sizes are needed to detect factors corre ...
... Because most seeds die, research on escape has overshadowed colonization and directed dispersal. Because most dispersal does not result in seedling establishment, even by ‘high-quality’ dispersers, directed dispersal is likely to be subtle. Much larger sample sizes are needed to detect factors corre ...
Wildflowers - Derbyshire Wildlife Trust
... like a thistle, but without the prickles! It is similar to the common knapweed, except this species has a flower head between 3 and 6cm and broader more divided leaves. It flowers between June and August. ...
... like a thistle, but without the prickles! It is similar to the common knapweed, except this species has a flower head between 3 and 6cm and broader more divided leaves. It flowers between June and August. ...
A study of secondary seed predation and dispersal in Bornean Peat
... Overview of the role of seed predation and dispersal by animals in tropical forest The hypothesis that seeds must be moved away from the parent tree in order to have better rates of survival was pioneered by Janzen (1970) (for survival of seeds) and Connell (1971) (for survival of seedlings). They s ...
... Overview of the role of seed predation and dispersal by animals in tropical forest The hypothesis that seeds must be moved away from the parent tree in order to have better rates of survival was pioneered by Janzen (1970) (for survival of seeds) and Connell (1971) (for survival of seedlings). They s ...
Plant Patterning across the Swan Coastal Plain
... FORRESTFIELD COMPLEX : Vegetation ranges from open forest of E. calophylla - E. wandoo - E. marginata to open forest of E. marginata - E. calophylla - C. fraseriana - Banksia species. Fringing woodland of E. rudis in the gullies that dissect this landform. Photo: Greg Keighery ...
... FORRESTFIELD COMPLEX : Vegetation ranges from open forest of E. calophylla - E. wandoo - E. marginata to open forest of E. marginata - E. calophylla - C. fraseriana - Banksia species. Fringing woodland of E. rudis in the gullies that dissect this landform. Photo: Greg Keighery ...
as a PDF
... with numerous male and female florets. At the time the wasps arrive, only the female florets are receptive. The wasps enter the fig via a bract-covered pore, often becoming trapped in the process. Once inside, they deposit pollen on the stigmas, then oviposit via the styles into some of the ovaries; ...
... with numerous male and female florets. At the time the wasps arrive, only the female florets are receptive. The wasps enter the fig via a bract-covered pore, often becoming trapped in the process. Once inside, they deposit pollen on the stigmas, then oviposit via the styles into some of the ovaries; ...
11 The Functional Role of Soil Seed Banks in Natural Communities
... Even predictable changes in the environment can lead to formation of soil seed banks, although lasting for a shorter time. Typically more predictable environmental factors include seasonal changes in temperature, moisture (Baskin and Baskin, 1998; Jurado and Flores, 2005; Merritt et al., 2007), wate ...
... Even predictable changes in the environment can lead to formation of soil seed banks, although lasting for a shorter time. Typically more predictable environmental factors include seasonal changes in temperature, moisture (Baskin and Baskin, 1998; Jurado and Flores, 2005; Merritt et al., 2007), wate ...
i THE EVOLUTION OF SPECIES’ GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE LIMITS:
... from this point, the ecological environment will continually become a little less favourable as each factor varies across the landscape. As the conditions decline, so, too, will population growth rate and fitness. At some point, ecological conditions will have deviated so strongly away from the spec ...
... from this point, the ecological environment will continually become a little less favourable as each factor varies across the landscape. As the conditions decline, so, too, will population growth rate and fitness. At some point, ecological conditions will have deviated so strongly away from the spec ...
Exploring indirect effects of biological invasions on native ecosystems
... Invasive plants are important threats to biodiversity that impact natural ecosystems through both direct and indirect effects on communities. Although direct effects have been well-studied, little is known about the indirect effects of invasions. I hypothesized that invasive species may have indirec ...
... Invasive plants are important threats to biodiversity that impact natural ecosystems through both direct and indirect effects on communities. Although direct effects have been well-studied, little is known about the indirect effects of invasions. I hypothesized that invasive species may have indirec ...
Can forest fragmentation disrupt a conditional mutualism? A case
... During periods of fruit scarcity, agoutis switch diet to eat mostly seeds (76%) whereas acouchies still include a large amount fruit pulp (60%) in their diet (Dubost and Henry 2006). Agoutis appear to be more generalist in habitat selection than acouchies, which are restricted to mature forest (Dubo ...
... During periods of fruit scarcity, agoutis switch diet to eat mostly seeds (76%) whereas acouchies still include a large amount fruit pulp (60%) in their diet (Dubost and Henry 2006). Agoutis appear to be more generalist in habitat selection than acouchies, which are restricted to mature forest (Dubo ...
Stay below water! - A Strategy to avoid Seed Predators
... A single seeds ability to tolerate predation may be closely related to its morphology. Studies have suggested that predation is not necessarily lethal to individual seeds and partly damaged seeds may still germinate (Vallejo 2006, Whittaker & Turner 1994). Mendoza (2005, cited by Vallejo 2006) also ...
... A single seeds ability to tolerate predation may be closely related to its morphology. Studies have suggested that predation is not necessarily lethal to individual seeds and partly damaged seeds may still germinate (Vallejo 2006, Whittaker & Turner 1994). Mendoza (2005, cited by Vallejo 2006) also ...
Download appendices
... Current Mature, Immature, Seedling (Wild): These second set of three columns display the most up to date population estimates of the wild (in situ) plants in each PU. These numbers are generated from OANRP monitoring data, data from the Oahu Plant Extinction Prevention Program (OPEP) and Oahu NARS s ...
... Current Mature, Immature, Seedling (Wild): These second set of three columns display the most up to date population estimates of the wild (in situ) plants in each PU. These numbers are generated from OANRP monitoring data, data from the Oahu Plant Extinction Prevention Program (OPEP) and Oahu NARS s ...
How important are environmental maternal effects in plants? A study
... 2 Although these treatments had huge effects on the size of the mother plants and the number of seeds they produced, there was no evidence that the treatments affected the weight of the seeds they produced. There was, however, significant variation in seed weight among maternal plants within treatme ...
... 2 Although these treatments had huge effects on the size of the mother plants and the number of seeds they produced, there was no evidence that the treatments affected the weight of the seeds they produced. There was, however, significant variation in seed weight among maternal plants within treatme ...
Centaurea solstitialis Biological Control of Yellow Starthistle ( ) in the Salmon River
... fluctuated between 32 and 69% during the last 6 yr of the study (2002 through 2007), there was consistently less than the 81 to 100% viable seeds between 1995 and 2000. Thus, both the overall number of seeds produced and the percentage of viable seeds appear to have been reduced by the establishment ...
... fluctuated between 32 and 69% during the last 6 yr of the study (2002 through 2007), there was consistently less than the 81 to 100% viable seeds between 1995 and 2000. Thus, both the overall number of seeds produced and the percentage of viable seeds appear to have been reduced by the establishment ...
Plant-animal interactions in rainforest
... disperse their seeds away from the parent, in order that some may end up in sites suitable for germination and growth. To encourage this, most rainforest plants package their seeds within fleshy fruits which provide food for potential dispersers. 3. Recruitment. Plants produce many more seeds than n ...
... disperse their seeds away from the parent, in order that some may end up in sites suitable for germination and growth. To encourage this, most rainforest plants package their seeds within fleshy fruits which provide food for potential dispersers. 3. Recruitment. Plants produce many more seeds than n ...
stages and spatial scales of recruitment limitation in - Sortie-ND
... Not all seeds and seedlings could be resolved to species in our study. To permit comparisons among seeds, seedlings, and trees, we used the lowest common taxonomic group for analysis (Table 2). For example, all Acer seed is treated as a single taxon. Although many could be confidently identified to ...
... Not all seeds and seedlings could be resolved to species in our study. To permit comparisons among seeds, seedlings, and trees, we used the lowest common taxonomic group for analysis (Table 2). For example, all Acer seed is treated as a single taxon. Although many could be confidently identified to ...
Seed Burial in the Seagrass Zostera marina: The Role of Infauna
... project. I would also like to thank my committee; Dr. Ken Moore, Dr. Mark Luckenbach, and Dr. Courtney Harris for their guidance, support, and assistance. Thanks are also due to the many members of the VIMS community who helped me by sharing their knowledge, time, and friendship in the years I have ...
... project. I would also like to thank my committee; Dr. Ken Moore, Dr. Mark Luckenbach, and Dr. Courtney Harris for their guidance, support, and assistance. Thanks are also due to the many members of the VIMS community who helped me by sharing their knowledge, time, and friendship in the years I have ...
Effects of Insect Herbivory on Plant Architecture, Flowering
... seeds (Boieiro et al. 2012) and affecting the host plant fitness greatly through the additive effects of herbivory (Irwin and Brody 2011). Understanding effects of insect herbivores on host plant fitness is of fundamental significance for the evolutionary biology and ecology of plant-animal interac ...
... seeds (Boieiro et al. 2012) and affecting the host plant fitness greatly through the additive effects of herbivory (Irwin and Brody 2011). Understanding effects of insect herbivores on host plant fitness is of fundamental significance for the evolutionary biology and ecology of plant-animal interac ...
RECIPROCAL BENEFITS IN A PLANT
... reproduction or survival of both species is limited by the interaction. For example, an increase in the abundance of a host species could lead to an increase in the abundance of its mutualist, and subsequently, that increase could feed back to further increase the abundance of the host species. Ther ...
... reproduction or survival of both species is limited by the interaction. For example, an increase in the abundance of a host species could lead to an increase in the abundance of its mutualist, and subsequently, that increase could feed back to further increase the abundance of the host species. Ther ...
early primary succession on mount st. helens: impact of insect
... June and July. All plants were marked, and their location determined to the nearest centimeter, to allow relocation. Plant diameter, which correlates strongly with biomass (Pearson’s r 5 0.95, df 5 49, P , 0.0001), and herbivore damage were measured at each census. Herbivory.—Foliage damage by leaf- ...
... June and July. All plants were marked, and their location determined to the nearest centimeter, to allow relocation. Plant diameter, which correlates strongly with biomass (Pearson’s r 5 0.95, df 5 49, P , 0.0001), and herbivore damage were measured at each census. Herbivory.—Foliage damage by leaf- ...
Population genetics, food-plant specialization, and local
... Not only insect herbivores, but also the interactions between plants and herbivores are highly diverse. Some herbivore species have evolved to be dietary generalists and others specialists, and the object and degree of specialization may vary among populations or individuals within a population (e.g ...
... Not only insect herbivores, but also the interactions between plants and herbivores are highly diverse. Some herbivore species have evolved to be dietary generalists and others specialists, and the object and degree of specialization may vary among populations or individuals within a population (e.g ...
Banksia brownii
Banksia brownii, commonly known as Feather-leaved Banksia or Brown's Banksia, is a species of shrub that grows in southwest Western Australia. An attractive plant with fine feathery leaves and large red-brown flower spikes, it usually grows as an upright bush around two metres (7 ft) high, but can also occur as a small tree or a low spreading shrub. First collected in 1829 and published the following year, it is placed in Banksia subgenus Banksia, section Oncostylis, series Spicigerae. There are two genetically distinct forms.B. brownii occurs naturally only in two population clusters between Albany and the Stirling Range in southwest Western Australia. In the Stirling Range it occurs among heath on rocky mountain slopes; further south it occurs among Jarrah woodland in shallow nutrient-poor sand. It is rare and endangered in its natural habitat, with all major populations currently threatened by Phytophthora cinnamomi dieback, a disease to which the species is highly susceptible. Other threats include loss of habitat, commercial exploitation and changes to the fire regime.Highly valued by Australia's horticultural and cut flower industries, B. brownii is widely cultivated in areas not exposed to dieback. It prefers a sheltered position in soil with good drainage, and must be provided with some moisture over summer.