Infertile seeds of Yucca schottii: a beneficial role for the plant in the
... spp., Agavaceae - Tegeticula spp. and Parategeticula pollenifera, Prodoxinae, Incurvariidae, Lepidoptera). The study of this interaction has a long history in the ecological literature, tracing back to Engelmann (1872) and Riley (1872, 1892), and it continues to make major contributions to our under ...
... spp., Agavaceae - Tegeticula spp. and Parategeticula pollenifera, Prodoxinae, Incurvariidae, Lepidoptera). The study of this interaction has a long history in the ecological literature, tracing back to Engelmann (1872) and Riley (1872, 1892), and it continues to make major contributions to our under ...
asian elephants are essential as seed dispersers in a
... are able to swallow both small and large seeds without damaging them (Chapman et al. 1992; Campos-Arceiz and Blake 2011). Asian and African elephants are capable of taking seeds far from the negative effects of proximity to adult conspecifics (Campos-Arceiz et al. 2008a; Blake et al. 2009), and seed ...
... are able to swallow both small and large seeds without damaging them (Chapman et al. 1992; Campos-Arceiz and Blake 2011). Asian and African elephants are capable of taking seeds far from the negative effects of proximity to adult conspecifics (Campos-Arceiz et al. 2008a; Blake et al. 2009), and seed ...
Stay below water! - A Strategy to avoid Seed Predators
... fruits and seeds from palms and they kill about 75% of the seeds they eat (Beck 2006). However, as with the tapir, peccaries consume the pulp of the fruits of Mauritia f. and spit out the seeds (Bodmer 1991, Fragoso 1997, Kiltie 1981b). Numerous studies have quantified the effect of different sized ...
... fruits and seeds from palms and they kill about 75% of the seeds they eat (Beck 2006). However, as with the tapir, peccaries consume the pulp of the fruits of Mauritia f. and spit out the seeds (Bodmer 1991, Fragoso 1997, Kiltie 1981b). Numerous studies have quantified the effect of different sized ...
limiting factors of five rare plant species in mesic forests, hawai`i
... western boundary near Peter Lee Road in September 2007 and March 2008. ................... 50 Table 4. Insect predation on collected mature capsules of sampled Melicope hawaiensis trees in Kīpuka Puaulu and a kīpuka on the western boundary, March-September 2008. ............... 50 Table 5. Monthly i ...
... western boundary near Peter Lee Road in September 2007 and March 2008. ................... 50 Table 4. Insect predation on collected mature capsules of sampled Melicope hawaiensis trees in Kīpuka Puaulu and a kīpuka on the western boundary, March-September 2008. ............... 50 Table 5. Monthly i ...
Chloroleucon chacӧense (Leguminosae): A Study on Morphometry
... 32% were attacked by birds and the remaining 43% were attacked by bruchids. If a plant has 17 - 18 mature fruits, only 6 - 7 of them should be intact and all their seeds available to germinate once they were dispersed, this means that a poor offer of recruiting possibilities exist (Table 2). ...
... 32% were attacked by birds and the remaining 43% were attacked by bruchids. If a plant has 17 - 18 mature fruits, only 6 - 7 of them should be intact and all their seeds available to germinate once they were dispersed, this means that a poor offer of recruiting possibilities exist (Table 2). ...
A study of secondary seed predation and dispersal in Bornean Peat
... Janzen-Connell hypothesis, though with differing reasons for its cause (Wilson and Traveset 2000). Further, Howe and Smallwood (1982) suggest that as well as this ‘escape hypothesis’, the seed’s need to move away from the parent tree, there is also the ‘colonisation hypothesis’, the need to reach ne ...
... Janzen-Connell hypothesis, though with differing reasons for its cause (Wilson and Traveset 2000). Further, Howe and Smallwood (1982) suggest that as well as this ‘escape hypothesis’, the seed’s need to move away from the parent tree, there is also the ‘colonisation hypothesis’, the need to reach ne ...
Consumption of Opuntias
... first, and then progress to the inside of the plants. This process is more as a result of the architectural arrangement of the plant, rather than due to differences in palatability of the cladodes (Hoffman et al. 1993). When different platyopuntia species are available in the habitat, herbivores apparen ...
... first, and then progress to the inside of the plants. This process is more as a result of the architectural arrangement of the plant, rather than due to differences in palatability of the cladodes (Hoffman et al. 1993). When different platyopuntia species are available in the habitat, herbivores apparen ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... k < cfe because the number of fruits per tree is discrete and much lower than the number of sites (f n 9 n), so a tree cannot spread all its seeds across the entire landscape because this leads to fractioned seed numbers per site. Seed release patterns can range from clumped (small k values) to sc ...
... k < cfe because the number of fruits per tree is discrete and much lower than the number of sites (f n 9 n), so a tree cannot spread all its seeds across the entire landscape because this leads to fractioned seed numbers per site. Seed release patterns can range from clumped (small k values) to sc ...
FE_2006 - studylib.net
... affected by the rate of finding food items within the patch, and a variety of direct and indirect foraging costs that include metabolic, predation and missed opportunity costs (Brown 1988). Given the extreme heterogeneity in abundance, size, and ripening stage of fruits within fruiting plants, natu ...
... affected by the rate of finding food items within the patch, and a variety of direct and indirect foraging costs that include metabolic, predation and missed opportunity costs (Brown 1988). Given the extreme heterogeneity in abundance, size, and ripening stage of fruits within fruiting plants, natu ...
Animals as Seed Dispersers
... in one study (Culver and Beattie, 1978). Seeds are stored in ant nests or the elaiosome is cut off and typically fed to larvae. The seed is discarded in a refuse pile near the nest, which is nutrient-enriched by ant faeces and the carcasses of prey taken by the ants. Five hypotheses predicting the e ...
... in one study (Culver and Beattie, 1978). Seeds are stored in ant nests or the elaiosome is cut off and typically fed to larvae. The seed is discarded in a refuse pile near the nest, which is nutrient-enriched by ant faeces and the carcasses of prey taken by the ants. Five hypotheses predicting the e ...
Seed Dispersal by Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, in Southeastern Alaska
... tion was proportional to habitat availability, including logged areas (Patten 1993). Because forest was the common habitat, this meant that the forest fruits, such as most of the species examined here, had a fairly high probability of deposition in the appropriate habitat (Patten 1993). On a smaller ...
... tion was proportional to habitat availability, including logged areas (Patten 1993). Because forest was the common habitat, this meant that the forest fruits, such as most of the species examined here, had a fairly high probability of deposition in the appropriate habitat (Patten 1993). On a smaller ...
The Dodo and the Tambalacoque Tree: An Obligate Mutualism
... before Temple (1977) mentioned preparing tambalacoque seeds for germination by abrading them. It is difficult to believe that Hill would have failed to mention abrading the seeds had he done so, given his interest in the mechanisms of germination of seeds enclosed in hard endocarps (Hill 1933, 1937, ...
... before Temple (1977) mentioned preparing tambalacoque seeds for germination by abrading them. It is difficult to believe that Hill would have failed to mention abrading the seeds had he done so, given his interest in the mechanisms of germination of seeds enclosed in hard endocarps (Hill 1933, 1937, ...
reproductive ecology of an endemic plant, astragalus australis var
... Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington. Three subpopulations, each with several hundred plants, were selected to represent the known ecological and geographic breadth of the taxon: Hurricane Hill (478599500 N, 1238329560 W) at 1460 m, the westernmost population; Mount Angeles (488009300 N, 12 ...
... Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington. Three subpopulations, each with several hundred plants, were selected to represent the known ecological and geographic breadth of the taxon: Hurricane Hill (478599500 N, 1238329560 W) at 1460 m, the westernmost population; Mount Angeles (488009300 N, 12 ...
Costs of two non-mutualistic species in a yucca/yucca moth mutualism
... number of seeds consumed in fruits occupied by Tegeticula moths only, beetles only, or both Tegeticula and beetles did not dier signi®cantly from one another, averaging 15.4 seeds/fruit across all categories. Nor did the number of fertile seeds eaten (averaging 12.4/fruit) dier across these three ...
... number of seeds consumed in fruits occupied by Tegeticula moths only, beetles only, or both Tegeticula and beetles did not dier signi®cantly from one another, averaging 15.4 seeds/fruit across all categories. Nor did the number of fertile seeds eaten (averaging 12.4/fruit) dier across these three ...
OIKOS 55: 375—386 - digital
... empty seeds, either because of embryo abortion or parthenocarpy, but these fruits were retained and eventually consumed by birds. A total of 26 bird species consumed the fruits, with 19 of them being seed dispersers accounting for the removal of 82.5% and 83.3% of the final-sized fruit crop in two s ...
... empty seeds, either because of embryo abortion or parthenocarpy, but these fruits were retained and eventually consumed by birds. A total of 26 bird species consumed the fruits, with 19 of them being seed dispersers accounting for the removal of 82.5% and 83.3% of the final-sized fruit crop in two s ...
The Significance of Fibrous Foods for Kibale Forest Chimpanzees
... species identified to date), fig-tree fruits (10 species), and TPL (14 pith species, 28 leaf species). Additional categories were fruits from shrubs, vines or herbs (15 species), leaves from mature trees (1 species), seeds (1), flowers (1) and bark (1). This list is certainly incomplete as we have f ...
... species identified to date), fig-tree fruits (10 species), and TPL (14 pith species, 28 leaf species). Additional categories were fruits from shrubs, vines or herbs (15 species), leaves from mature trees (1 species), seeds (1), flowers (1) and bark (1). This list is certainly incomplete as we have f ...
How human disturbance of tropical rainforest can influence avian
... spp. (Heliconiaceae) and Piper spp. (Piperaceae). While no longer actively cultivated, these areas experience subsistence use at a low intensity by local people, for harvesting fruits (banana, papaya), grazing goats and cows, and for travel by foot. For comparison with other studies, we suggest that ...
... spp. (Heliconiaceae) and Piper spp. (Piperaceae). While no longer actively cultivated, these areas experience subsistence use at a low intensity by local people, for harvesting fruits (banana, papaya), grazing goats and cows, and for travel by foot. For comparison with other studies, we suggest that ...
Waiting for Gajah: an elephant mutualist`s contingency plan for an
... Despite these insights, it is unclear whether there is in fact a swathe of species that will face serious population declines due to the loss of megaherbivore dispersers. On the one hand, research by Cochrane (2003) on B. wilsoniana indicates that the species could face catastrophic reductions in ra ...
... Despite these insights, it is unclear whether there is in fact a swathe of species that will face serious population declines due to the loss of megaherbivore dispersers. On the one hand, research by Cochrane (2003) on B. wilsoniana indicates that the species could face catastrophic reductions in ra ...
Chapter 5 – Detection - Plant Health Australia
... A pair of mouth hooks allows the larvae to readily tear the fruit flesh. The larvae develop through three larval stages to become about 9 mm long and pale yellow when fully grown. Several larvae can develop in each fruit, and when fully developed they leave the fruit, falling to the soil beneath th ...
... A pair of mouth hooks allows the larvae to readily tear the fruit flesh. The larvae develop through three larval stages to become about 9 mm long and pale yellow when fully grown. Several larvae can develop in each fruit, and when fully developed they leave the fruit, falling to the soil beneath th ...
2010rat3
... Tracking tunnel activity was high in the interior locations of the trapping grid when distances from the perimeter to the interior were less than 100m during the fall and winter months. The tracking tunnels appear to be potentially tracking the natural cycle of rat activity outside of the grid b ...
... Tracking tunnel activity was high in the interior locations of the trapping grid when distances from the perimeter to the interior were less than 100m during the fall and winter months. The tracking tunnels appear to be potentially tracking the natural cycle of rat activity outside of the grid b ...
PDF file
... Nutritional and mineral fruit content Pulp of the 27 fruit species (38% of the fruit-producing species in Israel) (Table 11.1) was analysed for lipids, nitrogen (Kjeldahl method), reducing sugars, ash and several minerals (sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P)), according to the A ...
... Nutritional and mineral fruit content Pulp of the 27 fruit species (38% of the fruit-producing species in Israel) (Table 11.1) was analysed for lipids, nitrogen (Kjeldahl method), reducing sugars, ash and several minerals (sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P)), according to the A ...
Volume 3 Tree Species E-F
... Central and Eastern Asia Flowering Appear in Autumn Size Average 5-6 metres in height with canopy spread of 4 metres Form Single trunk, upright tree with broad canopy Description Attractive small-medium tree with a relatively dense canopy that is well suited to street tree planting. Benefits from go ...
... Central and Eastern Asia Flowering Appear in Autumn Size Average 5-6 metres in height with canopy spread of 4 metres Form Single trunk, upright tree with broad canopy Description Attractive small-medium tree with a relatively dense canopy that is well suited to street tree planting. Benefits from go ...
Banana Slugs - MsRotchfordsClass
... tentacles to sense their environment. They produce up to 75 translucent eggs, which are laid in a log or on leaves. The Pacific banana slug is the secondlargest species of terrestrial slug in the world; growing up to 25 centimeters (9.8 in) long the largest is limax cinereoniger of Europe, which can ...
... tentacles to sense their environment. They produce up to 75 translucent eggs, which are laid in a log or on leaves. The Pacific banana slug is the secondlargest species of terrestrial slug in the world; growing up to 25 centimeters (9.8 in) long the largest is limax cinereoniger of Europe, which can ...
A seven-year study of individual variation in fruit
... pedicels which remain on the plant for up to several weeks after fruits have been removed, so fruit crop sizes can be estimated even for species that have already begun fruiting. Fruit abortion (which usually takes place within several weeks of flowering) and pre-dispersal seed predation reduce abso ...
... pedicels which remain on the plant for up to several weeks after fruits have been removed, so fruit crop sizes can be estimated even for species that have already begun fruiting. Fruit abortion (which usually takes place within several weeks of flowering) and pre-dispersal seed predation reduce abso ...
Asimina triloba
Asimina triloba, the pawpaw, paw paw, paw-paw, or common pawpaw, is a species of Asimina (the pawpaw genus) in the same plant family (the Annonaceae) as the custard-apple, cherimoya, sweetsop, ylang-ylang and soursop. The pawpaw is native to the Eastern, Southern, and Midwestern United States and adjacent southernmost Ontario, Canada, from New York west to southeastern Nebraska, and south to northern Florida and eastern Texas. The pawpaw is a patch-forming (clonal) understory tree found in well-drained, deep, fertile bottom-land and hilly upland habitat, with large, simple leaves and large fruits. The paw paw is the largest edible fruit indigenous to the United States.