the PDF document (part 2)
... .. Mechanisms of seed dispersal Seed dispersal has two phases (Watkinson ): primary dispersal, in which seeds travel from the parent tree to the surface of the ground; and secondary dispersal, during which the seeds are moved by one or more agents after hitting the ground. Primary dispersal m ...
... .. Mechanisms of seed dispersal Seed dispersal has two phases (Watkinson ): primary dispersal, in which seeds travel from the parent tree to the surface of the ground; and secondary dispersal, during which the seeds are moved by one or more agents after hitting the ground. Primary dispersal m ...
Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus
... under fruit-bearing R. cathartica bushes, but found many saplings around the perimeter of the bushes. She hypothesized that R. cathartica produces a shade too dense for its own seedlings to grow. Further evidence for seedling suppression comes from a study in which R. cathartica seedling numbers inc ...
... under fruit-bearing R. cathartica bushes, but found many saplings around the perimeter of the bushes. She hypothesized that R. cathartica produces a shade too dense for its own seedlings to grow. Further evidence for seedling suppression comes from a study in which R. cathartica seedling numbers inc ...
Further HOW TO BE A FIG 19104 Ficus
... ous lobed leaves and large fruits in many parthenocarpic varieties, is gynodi oeciolls, and has not been studied as a wild plant (11-13, 15, 17). A fig species much more representative of Ficus lives in tropical woody vegeta tion below 2000 m elevation, is a fast-growing woody plant, and has me d ...
... ous lobed leaves and large fruits in many parthenocarpic varieties, is gynodi oeciolls, and has not been studied as a wild plant (11-13, 15, 17). A fig species much more representative of Ficus lives in tropical woody vegeta tion below 2000 m elevation, is a fast-growing woody plant, and has me d ...
Download dissertation
... palm loulu (Pritchardia spp.) that was once a common, perhaps dominant, tree across Oahu as well as much of the lowland forests on other Hawaiian Islands (Athens 1997; Athens et al. 2002). In contemporary Hawaii, rats (probably R. rattus), not pigs or mice, were found to rapidly remove Pritchardia a ...
... palm loulu (Pritchardia spp.) that was once a common, perhaps dominant, tree across Oahu as well as much of the lowland forests on other Hawaiian Islands (Athens 1997; Athens et al. 2002). In contemporary Hawaii, rats (probably R. rattus), not pigs or mice, were found to rapidly remove Pritchardia a ...
HOW TO BE A FIG - University of Pennsylvania
... Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ...
... Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ...
Latitude, seed predation and seed mass
... The relationship between latitude and seed predation Both the generality of the above mechanism, and the wide range of taxa displaying latitudinal gradients in predation or herbivory, suggest that levels of seed predation might be higher towards the tropics. However, the only paper we are aware of t ...
... The relationship between latitude and seed predation Both the generality of the above mechanism, and the wide range of taxa displaying latitudinal gradients in predation or herbivory, suggest that levels of seed predation might be higher towards the tropics. However, the only paper we are aware of t ...
Advantages of seed dispersal: A re-evaluation of
... on a refuse pile. The seed not taken by ants is incorporated into the soil seed bank when an animal steps on it and pushes it into the mud, where it can remain dormant for 2 years. The other two seeds, one within 10 m of the parent plant and one in the ant refuse pile, both germinate and establish a ...
... on a refuse pile. The seed not taken by ants is incorporated into the soil seed bank when an animal steps on it and pushes it into the mud, where it can remain dormant for 2 years. The other two seeds, one within 10 m of the parent plant and one in the ant refuse pile, both germinate and establish a ...
Seed Burial in the Seagrass Zostera marina: The Role of Infauna
... region, Z marina flowers and produces seeds in May and June. Seedling establishment patterns in the field indicate that the seeds do not move far once they settle to the sediment surface (Orth et al., I994), which implies that they are quickly buried. Burial is important for successful seedling est ...
... region, Z marina flowers and produces seeds in May and June. Seedling establishment patterns in the field indicate that the seeds do not move far once they settle to the sediment surface (Orth et al., I994), which implies that they are quickly buried. Burial is important for successful seedling est ...
asian elephants are essential as seed dispersers in a
... growing (Owen-Smith 1988; Skarpe 2004). Yet, we are far from understanding the extent to which megafauna extirpation affects biodiversity and ecosystem function (Corlett 2013). Due to their size and singular behaviors, megaherbivores may often form a unique functional group with respect to certain ...
... growing (Owen-Smith 1988; Skarpe 2004). Yet, we are far from understanding the extent to which megafauna extirpation affects biodiversity and ecosystem function (Corlett 2013). Due to their size and singular behaviors, megaherbivores may often form a unique functional group with respect to certain ...
Verbascum thapsus Recent Advances in Research REVIEW ARTICLE
... vulnerary, analgesic, antihistaminic, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, bacteristat, cardiodepressant, oestrogenic, fungicide, hypnotic and sedative (Lucas, 1969; Harris, 1972; Null and Null, 1972; Grieve, 1981). The demulcent and emollient properties come from the polysaccharide mucilage and gums ...
... vulnerary, analgesic, antihistaminic, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, bacteristat, cardiodepressant, oestrogenic, fungicide, hypnotic and sedative (Lucas, 1969; Harris, 1972; Null and Null, 1972; Grieve, 1981). The demulcent and emollient properties come from the polysaccharide mucilage and gums ...
MS Word - Invasive.Org
... 10 years in Oregon (Dana Perkins, pers. comm.). The plant has a single taproot, and may have several shallow, spreading branch roots, but no rhizomes. Flowers typically appear from late May to mid July in Oregon, and occur in cymes with 1-60 flowers per inflorescence (Endress, unpublished data). Flo ...
... 10 years in Oregon (Dana Perkins, pers. comm.). The plant has a single taproot, and may have several shallow, spreading branch roots, but no rhizomes. Flowers typically appear from late May to mid July in Oregon, and occur in cymes with 1-60 flowers per inflorescence (Endress, unpublished data). Flo ...
Lythrum salicaria invasiveness, impacts and regulation implications
... Bailey 1976 study is over 30 years old ample time has been given for Lythrum varieties to adapt to colder climates. Some gardeners argue that Lythrum varieties in interior Alaska behave as annuals due to the cold temperatures. Annual and biennials are also known to be invasive often due to copious s ...
... Bailey 1976 study is over 30 years old ample time has been given for Lythrum varieties to adapt to colder climates. Some gardeners argue that Lythrum varieties in interior Alaska behave as annuals due to the cold temperatures. Annual and biennials are also known to be invasive often due to copious s ...
Primate Seed Dispersal
... Primates largely disperse seeds by endozoochory (App. 31.1), but once an animal has located and acquired fruit, there remains the challenge of what to do with the seeds. Protective seed coats are typically difficult to digest, and seeds themselves can also account for more than half of the weight of ...
... Primates largely disperse seeds by endozoochory (App. 31.1), but once an animal has located and acquired fruit, there remains the challenge of what to do with the seeds. Protective seed coats are typically difficult to digest, and seeds themselves can also account for more than half of the weight of ...
Infertile seeds of Yucca schottii: a beneficial role for the plant in the
... by a larva before it left the fruit. We therefore distinguished among three categories: 1) both sides of an eaten-seed sequence next to fertile seeds; 2) one side of an eaten-seed sequence next to a fertile and the other next to an infertile seed; and 3) both sides of an eaten-seed sequence next to ...
... by a larva before it left the fruit. We therefore distinguished among three categories: 1) both sides of an eaten-seed sequence next to fertile seeds; 2) one side of an eaten-seed sequence next to a fertile and the other next to an infertile seed; and 3) both sides of an eaten-seed sequence next to ...
A Guide to Selling Native Prairie Seed in Nebraska
... of investigating and demonstrating techniques for the production, marketing, and sale of native prairie seed. The goal was to make that seed much more available throughout the state by providing information to existing and potential commercial seed producers. We built a small greenhouse, started som ...
... of investigating and demonstrating techniques for the production, marketing, and sale of native prairie seed. The goal was to make that seed much more available throughout the state by providing information to existing and potential commercial seed producers. We built a small greenhouse, started som ...
Three^way interactions between Acacia, large mammalian herbivores
... South and Central America (Ross, 1979). Although there are only about 130 species in Africa, they are the dominant trees in the vegetation of much of the continent south of the Sahara (Ross, 1979; Brain, 1987). In the 19th century, the genus Acacia was divided into six series based on vegetative cha ...
... South and Central America (Ross, 1979). Although there are only about 130 species in Africa, they are the dominant trees in the vegetation of much of the continent south of the Sahara (Ross, 1979; Brain, 1987). In the 19th century, the genus Acacia was divided into six series based on vegetative cha ...
PDF copy - Friends of the Wild Flower Garden
... pollination to ecological systems, the pollination ecology of many plants is poorly known. At seven sites over three years, we studied the mating system, floral visitors and pollen limitation of turtlehead ( Chelone glabra L.), an eastern North America wetland herb. We found that the plant is autoga ...
... pollination to ecological systems, the pollination ecology of many plants is poorly known. At seven sites over three years, we studied the mating system, floral visitors and pollen limitation of turtlehead ( Chelone glabra L.), an eastern North America wetland herb. We found that the plant is autoga ...
mesquite seeds, bruchid beetles, and
... maculatus (F.) larvae die after attempting to eat many species of non-host seeds. ...
... maculatus (F.) larvae die after attempting to eat many species of non-host seeds. ...
Author`s personal copy
... Specifically, we addressed the following questions: (1) what is the extent of dispersal limitation and recruitment mortality factors for different plant species depending on microhabitat type?, (2) are there distinct demographic stages that consistently generate bottlenecks?, and (3) do compensatory ...
... Specifically, we addressed the following questions: (1) what is the extent of dispersal limitation and recruitment mortality factors for different plant species depending on microhabitat type?, (2) are there distinct demographic stages that consistently generate bottlenecks?, and (3) do compensatory ...
do small-seeded species have higher survival through seed
... Similar predictions can be made for the relationship between survivorship through predispersal seed predation and seed mass. In order to test these predictions, we gathered data regarding survivorship through 24 hours of exposure to postdispersal seed predators for 81 Australian species, and survivo ...
... Similar predictions can be made for the relationship between survivorship through predispersal seed predation and seed mass. In order to test these predictions, we gathered data regarding survivorship through 24 hours of exposure to postdispersal seed predators for 81 Australian species, and survivo ...
effects of introduced green iguanas (iguana
... Despite the importance of dispersal and germination for plant life cycles and population dynamics, the effects of reptiles are often overlooked because herbivory is relatively rare in reptiles. Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) enhance seed germination in some plant species in xeric habitats in its nati ...
... Despite the importance of dispersal and germination for plant life cycles and population dynamics, the effects of reptiles are often overlooked because herbivory is relatively rare in reptiles. Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) enhance seed germination in some plant species in xeric habitats in its nati ...
effects of introduced green iguanas (iguana
... Despite the importance of dispersal and germination for plant life cycles and population dynamics, the effects of reptiles are often overlooked because herbivory is relatively rare in reptiles. Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) enhance seed germination in some plant species in xeric habitats in its nati ...
... Despite the importance of dispersal and germination for plant life cycles and population dynamics, the effects of reptiles are often overlooked because herbivory is relatively rare in reptiles. Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) enhance seed germination in some plant species in xeric habitats in its nati ...
Presentation - The Grand Canyon Association
... Domesticate Species “If an indigenous culture dies, any plant dependent upon that culture for survival somehow deserves to go extinct.” ...
... Domesticate Species “If an indigenous culture dies, any plant dependent upon that culture for survival somehow deserves to go extinct.” ...
Seed selection by earthworms: chemical seed properties
... The impact of earthworms on plants through the modification of soil properties has been shown extensively (van Groenigen et al. 2014). Earthworm impacts on plant communities through the ingestion of seeds and consequences for seed survival are, however, less well studied, although they have been sho ...
... The impact of earthworms on plants through the modification of soil properties has been shown extensively (van Groenigen et al. 2014). Earthworm impacts on plant communities through the ingestion of seeds and consequences for seed survival are, however, less well studied, although they have been sho ...
FE_2006 - studylib.net
... affected by the rate of finding food items within the patch, and a variety of direct and indirect foraging costs that include metabolic, predation and missed opportunity costs (Brown 1988). Given the extreme heterogeneity in abundance, size, and ripening stage of fruits within fruiting plants, natu ...
... affected by the rate of finding food items within the patch, and a variety of direct and indirect foraging costs that include metabolic, predation and missed opportunity costs (Brown 1988). Given the extreme heterogeneity in abundance, size, and ripening stage of fruits within fruiting plants, natu ...
Cucurbita
Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vine in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds. First cultivated in the Americas before being brought to Europe by returning explorers after their discovery of the New World, plants in the genus Cucurbita are important sources of human food and oil. Other kinds of gourd, also called bottle-gourds, are native to Africa and belong to the genus Lagenaria, which is in the same family and subfamily as Cucurbita but in a different tribe. These other gourds are used as utensils or vessels, and their young fruits are eaten much like those of Cucurbita species.Most Cucurbita species are herbaceous vines that grow several meters in length and have tendrils, but non-vining ""bush"" cultivars of C. pepo and C. maxima have also been developed. The yellow or orange flowers on a Cucurbita plant are of two types: female and male. The female flowers produce the fruit and the male flowers produce pollen. Many North and Central American species are visited by specialist bee pollinators, but other insects with more general feeding habits such as honey bees also visit. The fruits of the Cucurbita genus are good sources of several nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, and iron, and like all plant products are free of cholesterol. The plants contain the toxins cucurbitin, cucurmosin, and cucurbitacin. There is some disagreement about how to handle the taxonomy of the genus; the number of species accepted by different specialists varies from 13 to 30. In addition, the ancestry of some of the species that have been cultivated for millennia is uncertain. The five domesticated species are Cucurbita argyrosperma, C. ficifolia, C. maxima, C. moschata, and C. pepo. All of these can be treated as winter squash because the full-grown fruits can be stored for months; however, C. pepo includes some cultivars that are better used only as summer squash.Cucurbita fruits have played a role in human culture for at least 2,000 years. They are often represented in Moche ceramics from Peru. After Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World, paintings of squashes started to appear in Europe early in the sixteenth century. Among other uses, extracts are used in cosmetics for dry and sensitive skin. The fruits have many culinary uses including pumpkin pie, biscuits, bread, desserts, puddings, beverages, and soups. Pumpkins and other Cucurbita fruits are celebrated in festivals and in flower and vegetable shows in many countries.