Granivory of invasive, naturalized, and native plants in communities
... Abstract. Seed predation is an important biotic filter that can influence abundance and spatial distributions of native species through differential effects on recruitment. This filter may also influence the relative abundance of nonnative plants within habitats and the communities’ susceptibility to in ...
... Abstract. Seed predation is an important biotic filter that can influence abundance and spatial distributions of native species through differential effects on recruitment. This filter may also influence the relative abundance of nonnative plants within habitats and the communities’ susceptibility to in ...
Competition Among Insects, Birds and Mammals for Conifer Steeds
... cate, however, that differences between not significantly greater in numbers of cones and trees add little or nothing to the seeds per cone in cones taken from several variance in seed quality (Smith, 1968). The annual crops than in cones taken from one coefficient of variation differs from 5.5% to ...
... cate, however, that differences between not significantly greater in numbers of cones and trees add little or nothing to the seeds per cone in cones taken from several variance in seed quality (Smith, 1968). The annual crops than in cones taken from one coefficient of variation differs from 5.5% to ...
A study of secondary seed predation and dispersal in Bornean Peat
... the rodents of peat swamp forest do not cache, they instead may play a crucial part as predators, therefore placing more importance on the primary dispersers, specifically the primates and birds. This study makes a preliminary investigation into the role of terrestrial predators of the seeds of the ...
... the rodents of peat swamp forest do not cache, they instead may play a crucial part as predators, therefore placing more importance on the primary dispersers, specifically the primates and birds. This study makes a preliminary investigation into the role of terrestrial predators of the seeds of the ...
Seed mass, shape, and persistence in the soil seed bank of Israeli
... n = 45, P = 0.124). Species with persistent seeds yielded significantly higher seed dimensions than those with transient seeds (one-tailed t-test = 1.95, n = 48, P = 0.029). In this study, there was no threshold in seed mass (or dimension) and shape that distinguished transient from persistent seeds ...
... n = 45, P = 0.124). Species with persistent seeds yielded significantly higher seed dimensions than those with transient seeds (one-tailed t-test = 1.95, n = 48, P = 0.029). In this study, there was no threshold in seed mass (or dimension) and shape that distinguished transient from persistent seeds ...
Native Seed Collection Methods
... Seed collection is an activity that can be undertaken by people of all ages and skill levels, and can be very satisfying. Any robust person with some basic knowledge and equipment can easily and inexpensively collect native seeds. For those involved in community revegetation projects, seed collecti ...
... Seed collection is an activity that can be undertaken by people of all ages and skill levels, and can be very satisfying. Any robust person with some basic knowledge and equipment can easily and inexpensively collect native seeds. For those involved in community revegetation projects, seed collecti ...
Stay below water! - A Strategy to avoid Seed Predators
... A single seeds ability to tolerate predation may be closely related to its morphology. Studies have suggested that predation is not necessarily lethal to individual seeds and partly damaged seeds may still germinate (Vallejo 2006, Whittaker & Turner 1994). Mendoza (2005, cited by Vallejo 2006) also ...
... A single seeds ability to tolerate predation may be closely related to its morphology. Studies have suggested that predation is not necessarily lethal to individual seeds and partly damaged seeds may still germinate (Vallejo 2006, Whittaker & Turner 1994). Mendoza (2005, cited by Vallejo 2006) also ...
Seed Dispersal and Frugivory in Tropical Ecosystems
... seeds from this fruit in a particular area. In addition to factors that affect frugivore choice that determine if a fruit is consumed or not, once the fruit is swallowed a series of factors affect primary seed dispersal and the ultimate fate of the consumed seeds. These factors include body size, di ...
... seeds from this fruit in a particular area. In addition to factors that affect frugivore choice that determine if a fruit is consumed or not, once the fruit is swallowed a series of factors affect primary seed dispersal and the ultimate fate of the consumed seeds. These factors include body size, di ...
limiting factors of five rare plant species in mesic forests, hawai`i
... Table 6. Size class distribution, mortality, and growth into subsequent size classes for Melicope zahlbruckneri trees in Kīpuka Puaulu between 1993 and 2008. ........................................ 54 Table 7. Estimated cover-abundance of all woody species in three height layers at selected Melicop ...
... Table 6. Size class distribution, mortality, and growth into subsequent size classes for Melicope zahlbruckneri trees in Kīpuka Puaulu between 1993 and 2008. ........................................ 54 Table 7. Estimated cover-abundance of all woody species in three height layers at selected Melicop ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... two types of seed dispersal behaviour related to quality of service (Schupp, 1993): (i) seed dispersers only release seeds to sites without trees (empty/unoccupied patches) and (ii) they release seeds to any site (free or occupied by a tree). In the main text, we only focus on behaviour (1), and we ...
... two types of seed dispersal behaviour related to quality of service (Schupp, 1993): (i) seed dispersers only release seeds to sites without trees (empty/unoccupied patches) and (ii) they release seeds to any site (free or occupied by a tree). In the main text, we only focus on behaviour (1), and we ...
Mammal and insect predation of chemically and structurally
... major factor limiting the colonization, establishment and growth of plant populations (Forget et al. 1999, Howe & Smallwood 1982, Janzen 1971a, b; Schupp 1988). Seedeating animals may attack seeds during fruit development while seeds and fruits are still attached to parent plants; this is termed pre ...
... major factor limiting the colonization, establishment and growth of plant populations (Forget et al. 1999, Howe & Smallwood 1982, Janzen 1971a, b; Schupp 1988). Seedeating animals may attack seeds during fruit development while seeds and fruits are still attached to parent plants; this is termed pre ...
purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria L. European wand loosestrife
... with soft hairs. Each year the plant enlarges at the base. A single root stock can eventually produce a bush-like clump of 30 to 50 stems. Leaves are simple, entire, opposite or whorled, lance-shaped, and slightly hairy with no stalks. Flowers are rose-purple and are arranged in long, vertical racem ...
... with soft hairs. Each year the plant enlarges at the base. A single root stock can eventually produce a bush-like clump of 30 to 50 stems. Leaves are simple, entire, opposite or whorled, lance-shaped, and slightly hairy with no stalks. Flowers are rose-purple and are arranged in long, vertical racem ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... Infestation before fruit harvest, i.e. in the field, is difficult to control. Chemical treatment e.g. by spraying flowers or fruit-bearing branches, a method applicable in agriculture and horticulture, is usually practically impossible or too expensive for forest trees, except in some seed orchards. ...
... Infestation before fruit harvest, i.e. in the field, is difficult to control. Chemical treatment e.g. by spraying flowers or fruit-bearing branches, a method applicable in agriculture and horticulture, is usually practically impossible or too expensive for forest trees, except in some seed orchards. ...
pollination biology and reproductive ecology of scaevola taccada
... (i.e. honeybees) but allow the entry of small insects (i.e. ants). Each type of bag covered three bud inflorescences per plant. Three individual buds per plant were not covered but marked with a yellow thread as a control to the selfing experiments. The number of flowers in bloom and the stages of t ...
... (i.e. honeybees) but allow the entry of small insects (i.e. ants). Each type of bag covered three bud inflorescences per plant. Three individual buds per plant were not covered but marked with a yellow thread as a control to the selfing experiments. The number of flowers in bloom and the stages of t ...
Wildflowers - Derbyshire Wildlife Trust
... on a spike of up to 40cm. They display up to 50 dark purple to pink flowers arranged in a dense, cone-shaped cluster on a tall spike. The bold leaves of the early purple orchid are glossy and dark green with dark spots, and form a rosette on the ground; they appear from ...
... on a spike of up to 40cm. They display up to 50 dark purple to pink flowers arranged in a dense, cone-shaped cluster on a tall spike. The bold leaves of the early purple orchid are glossy and dark green with dark spots, and form a rosette on the ground; they appear from ...
`Pre-dispersal losses and dispersal of seeds in the Desert Biome
... Desert plants also have adaptations relating to seed dormancy, which has been observed to be highly variable, depending on environmental conditions such as nutrient levels, soil moisture and temperature (Cowling et al. 1997). An important factor which influences desert plants is the minimum amount o ...
... Desert plants also have adaptations relating to seed dormancy, which has been observed to be highly variable, depending on environmental conditions such as nutrient levels, soil moisture and temperature (Cowling et al. 1997). An important factor which influences desert plants is the minimum amount o ...
The seedling as part of a plant`s life history strategy
... the capability to form soil seed banks, tissue density, and adult plant traits. These data complement previous results, and tend to support the idea that seed and seedling traits can be usefully understood as part of a larger spectrum of life history traits ranging from small, short-lived plants wit ...
... the capability to form soil seed banks, tissue density, and adult plant traits. These data complement previous results, and tend to support the idea that seed and seedling traits can be usefully understood as part of a larger spectrum of life history traits ranging from small, short-lived plants wit ...
Coevolution of Cycads and Dinosaurs
... Quammen 1996) where isolated populations gave rise to great taxonomic diversity, with each taxon having very restricted range. Lacking large animals to disperse their seeds, cycad populations became genetically isolated much like populations of plants and animals that become separated by vast stretc ...
... Quammen 1996) where isolated populations gave rise to great taxonomic diversity, with each taxon having very restricted range. Lacking large animals to disperse their seeds, cycad populations became genetically isolated much like populations of plants and animals that become separated by vast stretc ...
Crop Domestication and Its Impact on Naturally Selected Trophic
... diversity of local landraces is often maintained by different traditional agricultural practices carried out by different ethnic groups within a heterogeneous environment (3, 15). Moreover, the use and management of wild and weedy species within traditional agricultural practices may involve artifici ...
... diversity of local landraces is often maintained by different traditional agricultural practices carried out by different ethnic groups within a heterogeneous environment (3, 15). Moreover, the use and management of wild and weedy species within traditional agricultural practices may involve artifici ...
Plant of the Year: Green-flowered Wild Ginger (Asarum wagneri
... tors suggested by Vogel (1978a), play only a minor role. Lu (1982) described a three-phase pollination process: first, the six stigmas are apparently receptive for cross-pollination, while the twelve stamens remain recurved with their anthers adjacent to the top of the inferior ovary. After about a ...
... tors suggested by Vogel (1978a), play only a minor role. Lu (1982) described a three-phase pollination process: first, the six stigmas are apparently receptive for cross-pollination, while the twelve stamens remain recurved with their anthers adjacent to the top of the inferior ovary. After about a ...
Sanders, BSP, DS Kjar, and TP Egan. Beetle
... through which plants were rooted. A random numbers table was used to select points along the transects from which Jimbay fruits were collected. Fruits were collected if they were brown and dry, but not yet dehisced. The relative coverage was calculated for the 3 different plant species growing along ...
... through which plants were rooted. A random numbers table was used to select points along the transects from which Jimbay fruits were collected. Fruits were collected if they were brown and dry, but not yet dehisced. The relative coverage was calculated for the 3 different plant species growing along ...
Importance of fragmentation-tolerant species as seed
... Q. alba acorns (2003 only, see below). In total, we placed 31,000 seeds across all study plots, though only 29,350 were included in analysis because some exclosures were destroyed due to tree falls or flooding. We purchased most seeds for a given year’s study from commercial vendors (Schumacher, San ...
... Q. alba acorns (2003 only, see below). In total, we placed 31,000 seeds across all study plots, though only 29,350 were included in analysis because some exclosures were destroyed due to tree falls or flooding. We purchased most seeds for a given year’s study from commercial vendors (Schumacher, San ...
Waiting for Gajah: an elephant mutualist`s contingency plan for an
... Given the advantages of dispersal by megaherbivores, one might predict that many plant species sympatric with megaherbivores would be adapted for dispersal by them. Several researchers have described a ‘megafaunal syndrome’ (Janzen & Martin 1982; Gautier-Hion et al. 1985) based primarily on size, ha ...
... Given the advantages of dispersal by megaherbivores, one might predict that many plant species sympatric with megaherbivores would be adapted for dispersal by them. Several researchers have described a ‘megafaunal syndrome’ (Janzen & Martin 1982; Gautier-Hion et al. 1985) based primarily on size, ha ...
Chloroleucon chacӧense (Leguminosae): A Study on Morphometry
... The dehiscent legumes of Chloroleucon chacöense (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) are highly predated. The seeds of an intermediate type (neither orthodox, nor recalcitrant) remain in latency until the rainy station start can germinate efficiently when are imbibed 36 h in water before the sown, reaching si ...
... The dehiscent legumes of Chloroleucon chacöense (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) are highly predated. The seeds of an intermediate type (neither orthodox, nor recalcitrant) remain in latency until the rainy station start can germinate efficiently when are imbibed 36 h in water before the sown, reaching si ...
taraxacum officinale pollen depresses seed set of montane
... days, to ensure the plant was not pollinated in the event that the straw was dislodged. Due to the below freezing temperatures at night, plants were covered using inverted Styrofoam drinking cups. These cups were secured by piercing them with pin flags. The cups were removed early in the mornings an ...
... days, to ensure the plant was not pollinated in the event that the straw was dislodged. Due to the below freezing temperatures at night, plants were covered using inverted Styrofoam drinking cups. These cups were secured by piercing them with pin flags. The cups were removed early in the mornings an ...
The foraging behavior of granivorous rodents
... es. A predator will thus spend more time (and capture more individuals of each prey species) in a patch that has both prey species than in a patch with only one prey species. Short-term apparent competition is this decreased survival of one prey species when in the presence of another prey species. ...
... es. A predator will thus spend more time (and capture more individuals of each prey species) in a patch that has both prey species than in a patch with only one prey species. Short-term apparent competition is this decreased survival of one prey species when in the presence of another prey species. ...
Cucurbita
Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vine in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds. First cultivated in the Americas before being brought to Europe by returning explorers after their discovery of the New World, plants in the genus Cucurbita are important sources of human food and oil. Other kinds of gourd, also called bottle-gourds, are native to Africa and belong to the genus Lagenaria, which is in the same family and subfamily as Cucurbita but in a different tribe. These other gourds are used as utensils or vessels, and their young fruits are eaten much like those of Cucurbita species.Most Cucurbita species are herbaceous vines that grow several meters in length and have tendrils, but non-vining ""bush"" cultivars of C. pepo and C. maxima have also been developed. The yellow or orange flowers on a Cucurbita plant are of two types: female and male. The female flowers produce the fruit and the male flowers produce pollen. Many North and Central American species are visited by specialist bee pollinators, but other insects with more general feeding habits such as honey bees also visit. The fruits of the Cucurbita genus are good sources of several nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, and iron, and like all plant products are free of cholesterol. The plants contain the toxins cucurbitin, cucurmosin, and cucurbitacin. There is some disagreement about how to handle the taxonomy of the genus; the number of species accepted by different specialists varies from 13 to 30. In addition, the ancestry of some of the species that have been cultivated for millennia is uncertain. The five domesticated species are Cucurbita argyrosperma, C. ficifolia, C. maxima, C. moschata, and C. pepo. All of these can be treated as winter squash because the full-grown fruits can be stored for months; however, C. pepo includes some cultivars that are better used only as summer squash.Cucurbita fruits have played a role in human culture for at least 2,000 years. They are often represented in Moche ceramics from Peru. After Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World, paintings of squashes started to appear in Europe early in the sixteenth century. Among other uses, extracts are used in cosmetics for dry and sensitive skin. The fruits have many culinary uses including pumpkin pie, biscuits, bread, desserts, puddings, beverages, and soups. Pumpkins and other Cucurbita fruits are celebrated in festivals and in flower and vegetable shows in many countries.