Herbicidal effect of Ailanthus altissima leaves water extracts on
... it is present on all continents except Antarctica, being the most widespread in the meridional part of the Northern temperate zone (Kowarik and Säumel, 2007). The areas it occupies have similar climatic conditions as its native areal, of which most important being moderate winter cold. As it is limi ...
... it is present on all continents except Antarctica, being the most widespread in the meridional part of the Northern temperate zone (Kowarik and Säumel, 2007). The areas it occupies have similar climatic conditions as its native areal, of which most important being moderate winter cold. As it is limi ...
Seed predation by ants in south-eastern Spain (Desierto de
... because the amount of seeds collected by them is by far larger than that brought in by the other species. However, also smaller ants such as Goniomma ssp., Pheidole pallidula, or Tetramorium semilaeve may be important with respect to the reproductive success of plant species since their small worker ...
... because the amount of seeds collected by them is by far larger than that brought in by the other species. However, also smaller ants such as Goniomma ssp., Pheidole pallidula, or Tetramorium semilaeve may be important with respect to the reproductive success of plant species since their small worker ...
Fat but slim: Criteria of seed attractiveness for earthworms
... seeds for earthworms, are yet to be determined. In this study, the influence of six seed traits was tested on the ingestion, digestion and germination of seeds by two earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris, anecic and Satchellius mammalis, epigeic). The seed traits tested were their length, width, w ...
... seeds for earthworms, are yet to be determined. In this study, the influence of six seed traits was tested on the ingestion, digestion and germination of seeds by two earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris, anecic and Satchellius mammalis, epigeic). The seed traits tested were their length, width, w ...
Opuntia ficus-indica - Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories
... feral pigs and lizards that feed upon fruits. Many seedlings are found beneath trees used as Opuntia ficus-indica encroaching a shrub in southern perching for birds. Spain Reproduction Flowers are pollinated by insects. Seeds from Photo: Montserrat Vilà intact fruits and scats germinate after long r ...
... feral pigs and lizards that feed upon fruits. Many seedlings are found beneath trees used as Opuntia ficus-indica encroaching a shrub in southern perching for birds. Spain Reproduction Flowers are pollinated by insects. Seeds from Photo: Montserrat Vilà intact fruits and scats germinate after long r ...
PHENOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF TERRESTRIAL PLANTS By
... The term phenology is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear. Hence, phenology is defined as the study of the seasonal timing of life cycle events. For plants the seasonal timing of such events can be critical to survival and reproduction. In agriculture the most common fail ...
... The term phenology is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear. Hence, phenology is defined as the study of the seasonal timing of life cycle events. For plants the seasonal timing of such events can be critical to survival and reproduction. In agriculture the most common fail ...
Timing and success of reproductive stages in the seagrass Zostera
... Conacher, 1997). Under laboratory conditions, 70% of Z. noltii seeds germinated within 26 days, which was higher and faster than the germination found by Loques et al. (1990) for the same species (42% within 63 days). Remaining seeds did not germinate due to the lack of viability. The high rate of s ...
... Conacher, 1997). Under laboratory conditions, 70% of Z. noltii seeds germinated within 26 days, which was higher and faster than the germination found by Loques et al. (1990) for the same species (42% within 63 days). Remaining seeds did not germinate due to the lack of viability. The high rate of s ...
Morphology and Dispersal of One- and Two
... to be moved by wind across a horizontal substrate and possibly compensate for the opposing effect of mass. Thus, this study offers no evidence that the reduction in seed number per flower increases dispersal distance in wind-dispersed C. flava. There may be other advantages to maturing only one seed ...
... to be moved by wind across a horizontal substrate and possibly compensate for the opposing effect of mass. Thus, this study offers no evidence that the reduction in seed number per flower increases dispersal distance in wind-dispersed C. flava. There may be other advantages to maturing only one seed ...
High selfing capability and low pollinator visitation in the
... conspecific plants but the additional presence of mechanisms that promote autogamy may compensate for the reduced capacity of epiphytes to attract pollinators as a consequence of their highly aggregated spatial distribution in the forest and low floral displays (Bush & Beach 1995). Levin (1972) hypo ...
... conspecific plants but the additional presence of mechanisms that promote autogamy may compensate for the reduced capacity of epiphytes to attract pollinators as a consequence of their highly aggregated spatial distribution in the forest and low floral displays (Bush & Beach 1995). Levin (1972) hypo ...
XPS DTDv4.0 BIO2
... Seeds germinating later in the season suffer a lower risk of predation and less time overlap between plant growth and high waterfowl densities. By the end of March, most herbivorous waterfowl wintering in or migrating through Doñana have left on their way to breeding areas in northern Europe (Figure ...
... Seeds germinating later in the season suffer a lower risk of predation and less time overlap between plant growth and high waterfowl densities. By the end of March, most herbivorous waterfowl wintering in or migrating through Doñana have left on their way to breeding areas in northern Europe (Figure ...
The effect of seed size on seed fate in a subtropical
... During the experiments, live traps were baited with seed kernel of L. xylocarpus to identify the key rodent species responsible for seed dispersal and predation. To minimize the effect of live traps on seed dispersal experiment, traps were set about 500 m away from the seed release plots, but in the ...
... During the experiments, live traps were baited with seed kernel of L. xylocarpus to identify the key rodent species responsible for seed dispersal and predation. To minimize the effect of live traps on seed dispersal experiment, traps were set about 500 m away from the seed release plots, but in the ...
Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants Beverly Rathcke
... red oak acorns. White oak acorns germinate soon after dispersal in autumn, whereas the less preferred red oak acorns germinate the following spring. Germination timing may reflect a compromise between the probabilities of predator or pathogen attack at the seed stage and the seedling stage. However, ...
... red oak acorns. White oak acorns germinate soon after dispersal in autumn, whereas the less preferred red oak acorns germinate the following spring. Germination timing may reflect a compromise between the probabilities of predator or pathogen attack at the seed stage and the seedling stage. However, ...
Significance and extent of secondary seed dispersal by predatory
... 3. Forty-four (56%) of the total species detected in pellets were identified at the species level, comprising 73% native and 27% introduced species. Seventy per cent of these identified species were fleshy fruit-bearing plants and 84% of the interactions took place in open habitats, close to coastal ar ...
... 3. Forty-four (56%) of the total species detected in pellets were identified at the species level, comprising 73% native and 27% introduced species. Seventy per cent of these identified species were fleshy fruit-bearing plants and 84% of the interactions took place in open habitats, close to coastal ar ...
Chapter 5 – Detection - Plant Health Australia
... The following life history, from McKenzie et al. (2004), is based on the much-studied Queensland fruit fly. This is also relevant to most other fruit flies, although differences may occur with regard to host preference and the relationship between developmental rate and temperature. Typically, fruit ...
... The following life history, from McKenzie et al. (2004), is based on the much-studied Queensland fruit fly. This is also relevant to most other fruit flies, although differences may occur with regard to host preference and the relationship between developmental rate and temperature. Typically, fruit ...
Using seed recovery methods to determine causes of failed
... experiment aimed to determine the post-dispersal seed fates of four native prairie species after they had been planted in the soil and covered with an exclosure to limit vertebrate predation. It was performed in a prairie restoration on the University of Northern Iowa Campus in Cedar Falls, Iowa. I ...
... experiment aimed to determine the post-dispersal seed fates of four native prairie species after they had been planted in the soil and covered with an exclosure to limit vertebrate predation. It was performed in a prairie restoration on the University of Northern Iowa Campus in Cedar Falls, Iowa. I ...
Growing Valley Oak
... Once the roots emerge from the base Cracked seeds roots of particular species reach the botof the pot, they are air pruned--that is, Approximately 11 percent of the seeds had toms of containers. Our data show that they are killed by exposure to dessicating multiple longitudinal cracks at their dista ...
... Once the roots emerge from the base Cracked seeds roots of particular species reach the botof the pot, they are air pruned--that is, Approximately 11 percent of the seeds had toms of containers. Our data show that they are killed by exposure to dessicating multiple longitudinal cracks at their dista ...
Consumption of Opuntias
... among different varieties (Table 7.3), differences in consumption must be attributed to the forage quality of the plants. The higher sugar content of ‘Roja’ presents one logical explanation for packrats’ preference.Tabe7l3n.eahrere: Seasonal Effects for Herbivory In xeric habitats where free water is s ...
... among different varieties (Table 7.3), differences in consumption must be attributed to the forage quality of the plants. The higher sugar content of ‘Roja’ presents one logical explanation for packrats’ preference.Tabe7l3n.eahrere: Seasonal Effects for Herbivory In xeric habitats where free water is s ...
OIKOS 55: 375—386 - digital
... This paper examines within-population variation in realized fecundity of Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae) and considers how plant traits relevant to the interaction with avian seed dispersers do influence it. A highly variable fraction of final-sized fruits (on average, 80.1% and 55.5% in two cons ...
... This paper examines within-population variation in realized fecundity of Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae) and considers how plant traits relevant to the interaction with avian seed dispersers do influence it. A highly variable fraction of final-sized fruits (on average, 80.1% and 55.5% in two cons ...
An Introduction to Wetland Seed Banks
... Common causes of dormancy include physiological immaturity of the embryo and impermeability of the seed coat to water and oxygen (Baskin and Baskin 1989). Seeds with a physiological dormancy will sometimes require a complex series of enzymatic and biochemical changes, referred to as “after-ripening, ...
... Common causes of dormancy include physiological immaturity of the embryo and impermeability of the seed coat to water and oxygen (Baskin and Baskin 1989). Seeds with a physiological dormancy will sometimes require a complex series of enzymatic and biochemical changes, referred to as “after-ripening, ...
Tesis Maestria en Ciencias de Marcos A. Caraballo Ortiz
... 1991, Kunin 1993). This can be especially critical for rare and endangered species (Demauro 1993, Kunin 1993, Byers 1995). Still, there are relatively few studies conducted in the tropics that provide in-depth analyses of the effects of distances between trees, seed set, seed viability, and pollinat ...
... 1991, Kunin 1993). This can be especially critical for rare and endangered species (Demauro 1993, Kunin 1993, Byers 1995). Still, there are relatively few studies conducted in the tropics that provide in-depth analyses of the effects of distances between trees, seed set, seed viability, and pollinat ...
Dispersal vacuum in the seedling recruitment of a primate
... the quantitative effect of removal and benign gut passage of many thousands of seeds on a daily basis by co-occurring populations of relatively abundant endozoochores. The implication is that intact seeds trapped inside uneaten fruits falling below fruiting crowns fail to germinate primarily because ...
... the quantitative effect of removal and benign gut passage of many thousands of seeds on a daily basis by co-occurring populations of relatively abundant endozoochores. The implication is that intact seeds trapped inside uneaten fruits falling below fruiting crowns fail to germinate primarily because ...
Niche Expansion and Contraction in a Variable Environment1
... Because the habitats are quite different in the different portions of the wintering range, I do not compare sparrow densities between sites but only at the same sites, comparing sparrow populations in years of high and low seed production. The migratory habit and winter distribution of Chipping Spar ...
... Because the habitats are quite different in the different portions of the wintering range, I do not compare sparrow densities between sites but only at the same sites, comparing sparrow populations in years of high and low seed production. The migratory habit and winter distribution of Chipping Spar ...
establishment by invasive, naturalized, and native asters reflects
... grass (Poaceae) over much of this region. Laboratory feeding trials We conducted cafeteria-style feeding trials in 37.8-L (10-gallon) glass aquaria with wire mesh tops to examine how P. maniculatus varied in its seed feeding preferences. The tanks were divided into two square halves by a 3.8 cm tall ...
... grass (Poaceae) over much of this region. Laboratory feeding trials We conducted cafeteria-style feeding trials in 37.8-L (10-gallon) glass aquaria with wire mesh tops to examine how P. maniculatus varied in its seed feeding preferences. The tanks were divided into two square halves by a 3.8 cm tall ...
Costs of two non-mutualistic species in a yucca/yucca moth mutualism
... emerges, and drops to the ground. It forms a cocoon in the soil and remains there at least until the following summer. The genus Prodoxus is one of the closest relatives of the two yucca moth genera (Brown et al. 1994). Prodoxus species feed within leaves or in the sterile tissue of the yucca in¯ore ...
... emerges, and drops to the ground. It forms a cocoon in the soil and remains there at least until the following summer. The genus Prodoxus is one of the closest relatives of the two yucca moth genera (Brown et al. 1994). Prodoxus species feed within leaves or in the sterile tissue of the yucca in¯ore ...
Effect of high temperatures on cone opening and on the release and
... 200 ºC, while P. pinaster opens its cones at room temperature if humidity is low. The level of cone protection against heat varies from one species to another. Beaufait [4] found that P. banksiana protected its seeds until cone ignition and Despain et al. [9] found that in P. contorta, 88% of seeds ...
... 200 ºC, while P. pinaster opens its cones at room temperature if humidity is low. The level of cone protection against heat varies from one species to another. Beaufait [4] found that P. banksiana protected its seeds until cone ignition and Despain et al. [9] found that in P. contorta, 88% of seeds ...
community context of an obligate mutualism
... Abstract. Obligate pollination mutualisms have been central to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of mutualisms. Although usually viewed as pairwise interactions, obligate mutualists also interact with other community members that may impact the mutualism. In this study, we examined the ...
... Abstract. Obligate pollination mutualisms have been central to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of mutualisms. Although usually viewed as pairwise interactions, obligate mutualists also interact with other community members that may impact the mutualism. In this study, we examined the ...
Cucurbita
Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vine in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds. First cultivated in the Americas before being brought to Europe by returning explorers after their discovery of the New World, plants in the genus Cucurbita are important sources of human food and oil. Other kinds of gourd, also called bottle-gourds, are native to Africa and belong to the genus Lagenaria, which is in the same family and subfamily as Cucurbita but in a different tribe. These other gourds are used as utensils or vessels, and their young fruits are eaten much like those of Cucurbita species.Most Cucurbita species are herbaceous vines that grow several meters in length and have tendrils, but non-vining ""bush"" cultivars of C. pepo and C. maxima have also been developed. The yellow or orange flowers on a Cucurbita plant are of two types: female and male. The female flowers produce the fruit and the male flowers produce pollen. Many North and Central American species are visited by specialist bee pollinators, but other insects with more general feeding habits such as honey bees also visit. The fruits of the Cucurbita genus are good sources of several nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, and iron, and like all plant products are free of cholesterol. The plants contain the toxins cucurbitin, cucurmosin, and cucurbitacin. There is some disagreement about how to handle the taxonomy of the genus; the number of species accepted by different specialists varies from 13 to 30. In addition, the ancestry of some of the species that have been cultivated for millennia is uncertain. The five domesticated species are Cucurbita argyrosperma, C. ficifolia, C. maxima, C. moschata, and C. pepo. All of these can be treated as winter squash because the full-grown fruits can be stored for months; however, C. pepo includes some cultivars that are better used only as summer squash.Cucurbita fruits have played a role in human culture for at least 2,000 years. They are often represented in Moche ceramics from Peru. After Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World, paintings of squashes started to appear in Europe early in the sixteenth century. Among other uses, extracts are used in cosmetics for dry and sensitive skin. The fruits have many culinary uses including pumpkin pie, biscuits, bread, desserts, puddings, beverages, and soups. Pumpkins and other Cucurbita fruits are celebrated in festivals and in flower and vegetable shows in many countries.