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THE GLORY THAT WAS ROME FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE ROMAN INFLUENCES •GOVERNMENT •CANNONS OF LAW •BASIS OF LANGUAGE •LEGAL SYSTEM ROMULUS AND REMUS • MYTHOLOGICAL BROTHERS THAT WANDERED OFF AND BECAME LOST • THEY WERE RAISED BY A SHE WOLF • ROMULUS KILLS HIS BROTHER REMUS • IT IS FOR ROMULUS THAT ROME GETS IT’S NAME ROMAN REPUBLIC • BEGAN IN 509 BC AND LASTED UNTIL 31 BC • RULED BY A SENATE OF 2 HOUSES (BICAMERAL) • PATRICIANS - 200 FAMILIES DESENDED FROM EARLY ROME ROMAN GOVERNMENT • CONSULS: 2 CHOSEN BY SENATE TO BE IN CHARGE FOR 1 YEAR, AFTER WHICH THEY HAD TO WAIT 5 YEARS TO RUN AGAIN • DICTATOR: SENATE ELECTED FOR 6 MONTHS IN TIMES OF CRISIS • PLEBIANS: 90% OF POPULATION,INCLUDES MERCHANTS,SLAVES, FARMERS. • THEY HAD NO LAND OR FAMILY NAME • ONLY MALES COULD BE CITIZENS GOVERNMENT • PLEBIAN ASSEMBLY • SENATE • LOCAL MAGISTRATES DAILY LIFE • FAMILY #1 • EARLY EDUCATION DONE AT HOME • COMMERCE VERY IMPORTANT AS IS MANUFACTURING PUNIC WARS • CARTHAGE WAS LOCATED IN NORTH AFRICA • IT WAS A POWERFUL CITY-STATE THAT THREATENED THE ROMANS POWER IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA • ROME HAS BEST ARMY IN THE WORLD • CARTHAGE HAS THE BEST NAVY IN THE WORLD PUNIC WARS • ROME V. CARTHAGE • THREE WARS 264-146 BC • WARS FOUGHT OVER EXPANSION AND TRADING POWER ST 1 PUNIC WAR • 264-241 BC 23 YEARS • HAMILICAR BARCA LEADER OF CARTHAGE • ROME COPIES CARTHAGES NAVAL SHIPS BUT ADDS A RAMP WITH A SPIKE • ROMANS INVADE SICILIY, SARDINIA, CORSICA, BECOME VASTLY MORE WEALTHY RESULTS OF 1ST PUNIC WAR • THE AREAS BETWEEN CARTHAGE & ROME BECOME A POWDER KEG • ROME LOST 20,000 MEN • CARTHAGE ANY WHERE FROM 400,000 TO 500,000 MEN ND 2 PUNIC WAR • HAMLICAR DIES AND HANNIBAL WHO WAS RAISED TO HATE THE ROMANS TAKE COMMAND • ALONG WITH HASHDRUBAL THEY LEAD AN ATTACK ON THE ROMANS IN SAGENTO IN 219 BC 2ND PUNIC WAR • HANNIBAL USES ELEPHANTS LIKE TANKS TO CROSS THE ALPS • TRUMPETS TO ACTION!!!! • HANNIBAL CAUGHT IN EARLY STORM 36 OF HIS 40 ELEPHANTS DIE AND HALF HIS MEN FREEZE TO DEATH • BATTLE OF CANNAL—ROMANS ARE ROUTED BY THE ARMIES OF CARTHAGE (DEFENSE) END OF 2ND PUNIC WAR • IN 207 THE ROMANS CAPTURE AND BEHEAD HASDRUBAL • THEY SEND IT TO HANNIBAL CAMP IN A SACK • 202 Scipio Africanus decisively defeats Hannibal at Zama • SCIPIO AFRICANUS: CONQUERER OF CARTHAGE—TOTALLY DESTROYED RESULTS OF 2ND PUNIC WAR • ROME AQUIRES: SPAIN, PORTUGAL, SAGENTO, MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF GOLD, WARSHIPS AND THEIR CARGO • ROME LOSES 300,000 MEN • CARTHAGE LOSES 600,000 MEN • HANNIBAL FLEES TO ASIA MINOR AND IN 182 COMMITS SUICIDE REFUSING TO BECOME A PRISONER 3RD PUNIC WAR • CARTHAGE ATTACKS ROME IN 150 BC • BUT ACTUALLY THE ROMANS HAD PAID PEOPLE TO ATTACK THEM SO AS TO JUSTIFY ANOTHER WAR WITH CARTHAGE • ROME ATTACKS CARTHAGE IN NORTH AFRICA TOWARDS AN EMPIRE • ECONOMIC PROBLEMS CAUSED BY PUNIC WARS • GRACCHUS BROTHERS=TIBERIUS AND GAIUS – PLEBIANS, SUGGESTED THAT SENATE SHOULD GIVE LAND TO THE POOR TIBERIUS CLUBED TO DEATH FOR HIS TROUBLES – SAME FATE FOR GAIUS FOR SUGGESTING POOR IN THE ARMY (ESACPED THROUGH SUICIDE) • CAIUS MARIUS: ELECTED TO THE TRIBUNE (THE PLEBIAN ASSEMBLY) • STANDARDIZED WEAPONS, NEW TACTICS OF BATTLE • CRUSHES THE TEUTONI IN GAUL (MODERN FRANCE) RETURNED TO ROME A HERO • DIES AT AGE OF 60 AFTER DEFEATING A 20 YEAR OLD IN A 7 MILE RACE, IN WHICH HE GAVE THE KID A MILE HEAD START • SULLA: HE WILL PAVE THE ROAD FOR THE RISE OF JULIUS CAESAR • DEFEATS MITHRIDATES IN ASIA MINOR AND BECAME ABSOLUTE MASTER OF ROME • NAME TO POST OF DICTATOR AND UNLEASEHES HIS FURY ON THOSE WHO OPPOSED HIM • 79 BC HE BECOMES DICTATOR FOR LIFE, ELIMINATES ALL COMPETITION 1ST TRIUMVIRATE •CAESAR, JULIUS •POMPEY •CRASSUS POMPEY • 77 BC APPOINTED TO DEAL WITH PIRATES IN THE MED. • IN CONTROL WHEN THE REBELLION OF SPARTACUS TOOK PLACE • CIVIL WAR BEGAN TO DOMINATE ROME • SPARTACUS: SLAVE BORN IN THRACE. WILL LEAD LARGEST SLAVE REBELLION IN ROMAN HISTORY • BATIATUS OWNED CAPUA THE BEST GLADIATOR SCHOOL IN ALL OF ROME, BOUGHT SPARTACUS • MARCELLUS ONE OF THE GREATEST GLADIATORS IN HISTORY, SURVUIVED 12 YEARS AND WON HIS FREEDOM, TRAINED SPARTACUS JULIUS CAESAR • WEALTHY PARTRICIAN • GREAT POLITICAL LEADER • 60 BC ALONG WITH CRASSUS & POMPEY FORMED THE 1ST TRIUMVIRATE • NONE OF THESE MEN TRUSTED EACH OTHER • CRASSUS MOST WEALTHY LEAST TRUSTED • CAESAR MARRIED HIS DAUGHTER OFF TO POMPEY • TWO LEADING SENATORS CICERO AND CATO WERE OPPONENTS OF THE TRIUMVIRATE • CAESAR HAD THE KICKED OUT • THREE MEN SEPARATE • 53 BC CRASSUS DIES AND TRIUMVIRATE FALLS APART, POMPEY ALLIES WITH SENATE, BIG MISTAKE • CAESAR FORCES OF CAESAR AND POMPEY GO TO WAR IN SPAIN—POMPEY WILL BE MURDERED IN EGYPT BY THE KING OF EGYPT, HIS HEAD GIVEN TO CAESAR AS A GIFT WHEN HE ARRIVES IN ALEXANDRIA. • CAESAR TAKES EGYPTS KING HOSTAGE AND EVENTUALLY MUST FLEE EGYPT TO ESCAPE CAESAR BECOMES EMPEROR • EGYPT BECOMES ALLY • 44 BC HE IS MADE DICTATOR FOR LIFE • REFORMS ALL OF ROME – ABOLISHED POLITICAL PARTIES, REVISED TAXATION, TRIPLED THE SENATE, **PARTRICAINS HATED CAESAR** IDES OF MARCH • MADE RICH MAD BY RAISING TAXES • ASSASSINATED: MARCH 15, 44 BC • STABBED OVER 20 TIMES, HIS DEATH SIGNIFIED THE END OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 2ND TRIUMVIRATE •OCTAVIAN •ANTONY: relative of Caesar •LEPIDUS •1YR LATER OCTAVIAN RULES ALONE AUGUSTUS CAESAR • ALONG WITH ANTONY DEFEATED BRUTUS AND CRASSIUS, THE ASSASSIANS OF CAESAR • ANTONY AND OCTAVIAN GO TO WAR OVER POWER, ANTHONY USES EGYPT AND CLEOPATRA TO BACK HIS PLAY • DEFEATED MARC ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA AT BATTLE OF ACTIUM IN 31 BC AUGUSTUS CAESAR • OCTAVIAN CHANGES NAME TO AUGUSTUS CAESAR • RULES DURING PAX ROMANA (ROMAN PEACE) • VETOED ALL LAWS MADE BY SENATE Pax Romana • 200 of Roman peace • Supported the growth of business and a monetary system • Police and Fire departments organized • Emperors were worshipped as gods and allowed to chose successors ROMAN ADVANCES • Police and fire protection • Excellent roads • Law innocent until proven guilty • Aqueducts Entertainment • Plays • Boxing • Chariot Races • Gladiators SPORTING ARENAS OF ROME • Coliseum • Circus Maximus DEATH OF OCTAVIAN • Series of poor rulers • Caligula: crazed-murderous • Claudius: weak minded • Nero: failed and Rome burned in civil unrest • Known as Caligula (Little Boot), a childhood nickname bestowed on him by the soldiers of his father, Germanicus Caesar, nephew and adoptive son of Tiberius. Roman Leaders • Vespasian: AD 69 Destroyed temple in Jerusalem • Titus: Commanded legions against Jerusalem and Christians • Trajan: 98-117 AD Colorful Emperor, noted for huge battle against Jews at Alexandria, Egypt 115-116 AD • Hadrian: Builds Hadrian's wall • Marcus Aurelius: 161-180 AD Enlightened ruler • Commodus: Megalomaniac murdered on Dec. 31st 192 AD • Diocletian: 284-305 AD Commander of Imperial guard that become Emperor • Constantine I: Ruler of Rome that moved capital to Byzantium • Romulus Augustus: 476 AD Last western Emperor of Rome Persecution • Christians killed by Romans • Christianity banned • Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity in 313 CHRISTIANITY • MONOTHEISTIC • BELIEF IN JESUS AS THE SON OF GOD AND THE TRUE MESSIAH • TOTALLY FOREIGN TO THE ROMAN LEADERS • TORTURED TO CONVERT AND USED AS SPORT FOR THE ROMANS AMUSEMENT (LIONS) • ROME CONVERTS WITH CONSTANTINE POPE • HEAD OF THE LATIN CHURCH IN ROME (THE CATHOLIC CHURCH) • VICAR OF CHRIST ON EARTH • MOST POWERFUL CHRISTIAN LEADER ON EARTH THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES • APPOINTED BY PETER THE ROCK OF GOD Decline of the Roman Empire • Political Instability • Economic & Moral Decline • Inflation • Taxes • Food shortage & Instability • The Roman empire will split in 330 AD with Constantine moving it’s capital to the city of Byzantium (Constantinople) • It will fall to the Byzantines in 476 AD