Download Evolution Test Review Guide

BIOLOGY: Evolution Test Review
The information covered in class can be found in Chapter 15 (pages 369-386), Chapter 17 (pages 417- 428 &
436-438) of your textbook. Also, you should review your notes and worksheets to be sure you are developing
accurate understanding of evolution.
1.
Assume the isotope below has a half-life of 4.5 billion years and that uranium decays into lead.
4.5 billion
years
40g uranium
0g lead
4.5 billion
years
b. ____ g uranium
c. ____ g uranium
____ g lead
____ g lead
2. Above is an example of absolute dating. How else can the age of a fossil be determined?
In the chart above, what percent of the original radioactive isotopes will be left after 2 half-lives? ______________
The half-life for carbon-14 is 5,730 years. If you find a bone that has 6.25% of carbon-14 left, how many half-lives
have passed? ___________ So, how old is that bone? __________
3.
Origins of Life on earth: (see pages 425-428)
The age of the earth is estimated as _______________ billion years.
Prokaryotes can be found in the fossil record being about ____________ billion years ago.
Eukaryotes appear in the fossil record about _____________ billion years ago.
One idea of how life started on this planet is called spontaneous origins. This involves the idea that living
things came from _________________ things. This is called __________________ or spontaneous generation.
This is thought possible because conditions on early earth allowed for the formation of ________________
molecules.
Today, conditions on earth do not allow for abiogenesis (life from non-living things). Instead, we know that
today, life comes from __________. This is called _____________________.
4.
Fill in the blanks regarding Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection.
Darwin was influenced by others researchers:
Lyell was a _______________ that influenced Darwin by suggesting that the earth was much older than 6000
years. It was millions of year old, which gave Darwin’s ideas the _____________ needed to accumulate small
changes.
Malthus stated that resources are limited and organisms must ______________ for them. The idea of
competition for resources made Darwin wonder what characteristics made an organism more
____________________ at gaining resources.
Darwin’s theory can be remembered in 5 major points.
 There is _____________________within populations. Which means that all individuals of the same species
do not look identical and may have _________________ traits.

Some variations are ____________________ because they help the organism survive.

In most cases with each generation, only a few ________________ long enough to reproduce.

The organisms that survive and ________________________ are the ones with the _________________
variations.

The population _______________ changes as the frequency of the variations change.
(This is known as Gradualism)
5. What are the terms that are used to describe Lamarck’s theory of evolution?
The inheritance of _________________ traits;
Characteristics acquired during an organisms lifetime can be _________________________________.
OK….PROBLEM!- We now know that only __________________ are passed from parent to offspring.
6. Fill in the 4 types of evidence that supports the concept of evolution (and common origins) and explain how it
supports the idea of change over time (evolution)
1. F_________________
Fossils represent ______________, but similar, organisms than exist on earth today.
Fossils are found in _____________ rock.
2. Comparitive E______________
All embryos go through the ___________ first stages of development.
Human embryos have ______ slits and a ___________ that develop and then disappear as
development proceeds.
3.Comparitive A_______________
Structures that are similar between organisms are called _________________. They provide
evidence for a recent ___________ ancestor.
The whale pelvis is a ____________ structure which provides evidence for the evolution of the
whale from a ____- legged, land mammal.
4. Comparitive B______________
ALL __ __ __ (in every organism) consists of the same _______ bases, just a different order.
Humans and other primates have many of the same _____________ (example- hemoglobin)
The more similar the DNA sequence for a particular protein, the more ______________ related
the organisms are.
Given the data in the table below, answer these questions:
How many different amino acids between Dog and Chicken? ____
Which organism is most closely related to the dog? ______
Amino Acid Sequence for a portion of the hemoglobin protein.
mammal
bird
amphibian
Dog
SER
SER
GLY
GLY
ASP
GLU
ILU
ASP
ASP
THR
Chicken
GLN
THR
GLY
GLY
ALA
GLU
ILU
ALA
ASN
SER
Frog
ASP
SER
GLY
GLY
LYS
HIS
VAL
THR
ASN
SER
7. Define the following terms:
half-life- the amount of time that it takes for _________ of a _________________ element to change (decay)
fossil- any remains of a _________________. Molds, casts, imprints are all types of fossils.
Evolution- change over ________
Artificial Selection- _______________________________________________________________________
Example- _______________________________________________________________________
Natural Selection - _______________________________________________________________________
Example- _______________________________________________________________________
Homologous Structures have similar _________________ but may have a different _________________.
Example- _______________________________________________________________________
Analogous Structures have the same _________________ but are structurally very _______________.
Example- _______________________________________________________________________
Vestigial Structures are the _______________ from the evolutionary past. They remain in an organism even
though they have _______ function.
Example- _______________________________________________________________________
Convergent Evolution occurs as organisms of different species _____________ to the same environment.
Example-_______________________________________________________________________
Divergent Evolution occurs as individuals of the same species ___________ to different environments.
Example-_________________________________________________________________________
Adaptive Radiation is when ________ species gives rise to __________ new species. This usually happens as
different population groups adapt to _____________ environments.
Example- Darwin’s finches are similar and closely related species that are different particular with regard
to their _____________.
Niche- A niche is an _________________ role in their environment. It is more than just its __________ (where it
lives). A niche is defined as the sum total of all the ways it utilizes the resources of its environment.
Species- a group of organisms that look _____________ and are able to interbreed to produce _______________.
8. What did the following individuals do?
___Jean Baptiste Lamarck
___Charles Darwin
___Alfred Russell Wallace
___Charles Lyell
___Thomas Malthus
___H.B.D.Kettlewell
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
theory of natural selection
persuaded Darwin to publish his findings
came up with idea of industrial melanism
economist that influence Darwin
said striving to improve will lead to inheritable changes
geologist that said Earth changes very slowly over time
9. Describe 3 of the organisms that Darwin witnessed on the Galapagos Islands that helped to solidify his ideas
(from video).
1.
2.
3.
10. What is industrial melanism?
How did it affect the population of peppered moths in England?
11. In class we observed the changes in horses over the last 65 million years.
What structures were reduced in number? _________
How did the overall size of the horse change? ______________ What advantage might that be? ________
How did the horses teeth change?__________ & _________________
Why did horses have to change over time? __________________________
12. What is an adaptation? ______________________________
Brainstorm: List 3 adaptations of mammals and for each describe how it aids in survival.
1. ____________________ 2._____________________
3.______________________
13. How, specifically, do organisms adapt to their environment? How is DNA involved? Use the word bank for
statements below.
reproduce
spontaneous
radiation
chemicals
longer
speciation
mutation
more
adaptive radiation
DNA replication
New traits are the product of ____________________. Mutations can be _________________ which
means mistakes are made in the cellular process of ______________________ or they can be induced by
_________________, exposure to ______________ and other mutagens.
Traits that are an advantage (favorable) allow for the organism with that trait to live_____________,
reproduce ___________ and pass those genes (for that trait) to its offspring.
When many differences have accumulated in a population and they can not longer _____________ with
individuals outside the group, a new ________________ has formed.
One species that gives rise to many different species is an example of ___________________________.
_______________________ is the formation of new species.
14. True or False
1. Darwin created the theory of evolution. _______
2. Organism select traits that they need to survive. _______
3. All organisms need the same traits to survive. ________
4. Organisms must change because the environment is constantly changing. ______
5. Organisms that do not evolve are doomed to extinction. _____
6. Organisms become extinct only because man has altered the environment. ____
7. Evolution is a theory without much support . _____
8. Humans evolved from a chimpanzee or gorilla. ______
9. Whales evolved from a dog. _____
10. Humans share over 99% of their DNA sequences with chimpanzees. ____
11. Individuals of the same species share all the same traits. ______
12. Individuals of the same species have the exact same DNA. _____
13. In 1859 Darwin published his theory of evolution by means of Natural Selection in a book titled On the
Origin of the Species. _____
14. Alfred Wallace could disprove Darwin’s theory. ___
15. Alfred Wallace prompted Darwin to reveal his theory and research. ___