Download college-prep biology fall final exam review

COLLEGE-PREP BIOLOGY FALL FINAL EXAM REVIEW
FOR THE FINAL EXAM YOU SHOULD KNOW:
 The common metric units and their relationship to one another (ex:p.24)
 The branches of biology on which we did oral reports in September
 The list of common metric laboratory tools (handout given) and how and
when they are used
 The parts, functions, and different magnifications of the microscope
 The contributions of the following people to biology:
Hooke
Schleiden
Schwann
Virchow
Leeuwenhoek
 On which axis of a graph to place the independent and dependent
variables in an experiment
 How to identify the independent and dependent variables in an
experiment
 How to identify the control group and experimental groups in an
experiment
 The names and functions of the organelles
 The differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
 The differences between plant and animal cells
 The definitions of diffusion and osmosis
 The understanding of the types of solutions that are present inside and outside
cells (hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic) and which way water will flow if cells
are placed into these solutions (potato osmosis lab)
 The definitions of plasmolysis and turgor pressure
 The definition of a concentration gradient
 The definitions of active transport and facilitated diffusion and examples of each
 That active transport requires energy (from ATP) and facilitated diffusion,
diffusion, and osmosis are passive transport (no ATP required)
 The complementary base-pairing rules
 The structure of the DNA molecule:
Which molecules are purines
Which molecules are pyrimidines
What molecules compose the outside of the helix
 The contributions to molecular biology of:
Crick and Watson
Franklin and Wilkins
Chargaff
Miescher
Flemming
 The location of DNA in eukaryotic cells

The number of autosomes and sex chromosomes in your somatic cells versus
your gametes
 The differences between the haploid number and the diploid number
 What a karyotype is, when it is performed, and what it tells that pregnant
mother
 What procedure(s) is/are performed in a pregnant woman in order to make a
karyotype
 Structure of a chromosome (centromere, two chromatids)
 The differences between DNA and RNA
 The roles of DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, and RNA polymerase
 The roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis
 The definitions and processes of transcription and translation
 The definition of a codon and an understanding of the genetic code chart
 What occurs in the phases of the cell cycle:
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Roles of proteins in the human body (see your textbook and activity, “How
Genes Make Proteins”)
 The differences between the types of mutations that occur in the DNA replication
and protein synthesis process
 How to identify cells in the various phases of the cell cycle (microviewer lab)
 The number of chromosomes that are a result of a mitotic division in human cells
 The numbers of chromosomes that are a result of meiotic division in human cells
 In what type of human cells mitosis occurs frequently
 In what type of human cells meiosis occurs
 Which parent determines the sex (gender) of the child
 The sex chromosomes possessed by human males vs. human females
 When crossing over takes place in meiosis and why it’s extremely significant in the
formation of gametes
 Differences between the cell cycle and meiosis
 Where fertilization of the embryo takes place
 Who Gregor Mendel was and the approximate time period when his work was
discovered
 What the following terms mean:
Genotype
Phenotype
P generation
F1 generation
Dominant
Recessive
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Purebred
Hybrid
Locus
Pedigree
Allele
 Examples of polygenic traits in humans (Variations on a Human Face Activity)
 How to solve basic monohybrid (one factor) and dihybrid (two factor) crosses
using Punnett Squares
 How to determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of individuals by
analyzing a pedigree or results in a Punnett Square
 A description of people afflicted with and the inheritance pattern of:
Tay-Sachs Disease
Cystic Fibrosis
Huntington Disease
Sickle Cell Anemia
 Ethnicities, religions, races, or other groups which are disproportionately affected by
the above diseases
 Which genetic diseases/disorders are sex-linked and descriptions of people afflicted
by those diseases
 How to solve genetics problems dealing with the inheritance of bloodtype
 What the Rh Factor is
 From which of the four blood groups (A, B, AB, or O) a person can receive blood
safely if he/she knows his/her bloodtype
 The definition of nondisjunction and disorders caused by this process
 Characteristics and genotypes of a person who has:
Down Syndrome
Turner Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
 The genetic and physiological cause of the disease that affected Lorenzo Odone in
“Lorenzo’s Oil”
 How a DNA Fingerprint is made (class handouts, DNA Fingerprinting Article,
“Where’s the C-A-T?” activity)
 The goals of the Human Genome Project and its director