Download Chemistry: The Central Science, 12e (Brown et al

Chapter 24 The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
1) Which substance would be the most soluble in gasoline?
A) water
B) NaNO3
C) HCl
D) hexane
E) NaCl
2) If each of the following represents an alkane, and a carbon atom is located at each vertex with the
proper number of hydrogen atoms also bonded to it, which one is the most reactive?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) They are all equally reactive since they are all alkanes.
3) Pentane has __________ structural isomers.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
4) The structure of 2,3-dimethylheptane is __________.
A)
B)
C)
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D)
E)
5) When petroleum is distilled to separate the components by boiling point, the component with the
highest boiling point is called __________.
A) gas
B) gasoline
C) kerosene
D) paraffin
E) asphalt
6) How many structural isomers (include all types except optical) can be drawn for C5H10?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 10
E) 12
7) Which statement about hydrocarbons is false?
A) The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional) isomers has 4 carbon atoms.
B) Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes.
C) Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes.
D) Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes.
E) Alkenes can be polymerized.
8) Which statement about addition reactions between alkenes and HBr is false?
A) The addition occurs at the double bond.
B) Bromine attacks the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial positive charge.
C) A hydrogen atom attaches to the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial negative charge.
D) The π bond breaks in the course of the reaction.
E) The proposed mechanism involves radicals.
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9) Benzene behaves differently from a hydrocarbon which simply contains three C C bonds in that the
latter would be expected to react much more readily with __________.
A) H2
B) Cl2
C) Br2
D) HCl
E) all of the above
10) Which one of the following is not an alcohol?
A) acetone
B) glycerol
C) ethanol
D) cholesterol
E) ethylene glycol
11) The oxidation of ethanol produces __________.
A) acetic acid
B) formic acid
C) citric acid
D) lactic acid
E) oxalic acid
12) Which one of the following compounds is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2CH2OH?
A) CH3CH2CH2OH
B)
C)
D)
E) CH3OH
13) What is the general formula for a ketone?
A) R O R
B) R-CO-R'
C) R CO OH
D) R OH
E) R CHO
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14) Which of the following compounds do not contain an sp3 hybridized oxygen atom?
A) ketones
B) alcohols
C) ethers
D) esters
E) water
15) Of the compounds below, __________ is an isomer of
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
16) Which structure below represents a ketone?
A)
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B)
C)
D)
E)
17) Which structure below represents an amine?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
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18) Which structure below represents an aldehyde?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
19) Which structure below is not correctly drawn?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
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20) Which one of the following molecules is chiral?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
21) How many chiral carbon atoms does the neopentane (2, 2 - dimethylpropane) have?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
22) Proteins are biopolymers formed via multiple condensations coupling of which two functional
groups?
A) ester and amine
B) amine and carboxylic acid
C) alcohol and carboxylic acid
D) alcohol and amine
E) ester and carboxylic acid
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23) Sugars are examples of what type of molecule?
A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) nucleic acids
D) amino acids
E) salts
24) __________ is a disaccharide.
A) Glucose
B) Galactose
C) Sucrose
D) Ribose
E) Fructose
25) The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that __________.
A) fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide
B) fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide
C) fructose is chiral and glucose is not
D) glucose is chiral and fructose is not
E) fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar
26) The basic building block of nucleic acids is the __________.
A) nucleoside
B) nucleotide
C) ester linkage
D) nitrogen base
E) phosphoric acid
27) The double helix of DNA is stabilized mainly by __________.
A) ionic bonds
B) covalent bonds
C) ion-dipole bonds
D) ester bonds
E) hydrogen bonds
28) Hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by (*) in CH3-* CH2- CH3, *CH2 CH2, and CH3*C≡CH is __________, __________, and __________, respectively.
A) sp3, sp2, sp
B) sp3, sp, sp2
C) sp, sp2, sp3
D) sp, sp3, sp2
E) sp2, sp3, sp
29) Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called __________.
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) aromatics
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D) alkanes
E) ketones
30) What general class of compounds is also known as olefins?
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) aromatics
D) alkanes
E) ketones
31) The simplest alkyne is __________.
A) ethylene
B) ethane
C) acetylene
D) propyne
E) benzene
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: Sec. 24.2
32) Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds are called __________.
A) alkanes
B) aromatic hydrocarbons
C) alkynes
D) alkenes
E) olefins
33) The molecular geometry of each carbon atom in an alkane is __________.
A) octahedral
B) square planar
C) trigonal planar
D) tetrahedral
E) trigonal pyramidal
34) The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is
__________.
A) 4
B) 6
C) 3
D) 9
E) 12
35) Cyclohexane has __________ fewer hydrogens than n-hexane.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
36) How many structural isomers of heptane exist?
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A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 9
37) The general formula of an alkane is __________.
A) C2nH2n+2
B) CnH2n
C) CnH2n+2
D) CnH2n-2
E) CnHn
38) Alkanes with __________ to __________ carbons are found in straight-run gasoline.
A) 2, 3
B) 5, 12
C) 1, 5
D) 9, 15
E) 20, 60
39) Alkenes have the general formula __________.
A) CnH2n.
B) CnH2n-2.
C) CnH2n+2
D) CnHn.
E) C2nHn.
40) In general, __________ are the most reactive hydrocarbons.
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) alkanes
D) cycloalkanes
E) olefins
41) The addition of HBr to 2-butene produces __________.
A) 1-bromobutane
B) 2-bromobutane
C) 1,2-dibromobutane
D) 2,3-dibromobutane
E) no reaction
42) Ethers can be made by condensation of two __________ molecules by splitting out a molecule of
water.
A) alkyne
B) alcohol
C) ketone
D) aldehyde
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E) olefin
43) The compound below is a(n) __________.
A) carboxylic acid
B) ketone
C) aldehyde
D) ester
E) amine
44) Optically active molecules that are mirror images of each other are called __________.
A) allotropes
B) geometrical isomers
C) enantiomers
D) cofactors
E) chiral compounds
45) The secondary structure of a protein is the result of __________ bonding.
A) covalent
B) peptide
C) ionic
D) hydrogen
E) none of the above
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