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South Pasadena • Chemistry Name Period Date 3 · Organic Chemistry UNIT 3.1 Hydrocarbons I can: Represent a hydrocarbon (alkane, alkene, or alkyne) using its molecular formula and structural formula. Know that hydrocarbons are good fuels and give household examples. Build models of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes using a molecular model kit. o A double bond uses two carbon atoms connected by two springs. o A triple bond using two carbon atoms connected by three springs. State the bonding capacity of C, H, O, Cl, Br, and I. Describe characteristics of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. To do this, I can: o State that all single bonds end with follow the are called “-ane” formula alkanes CnX2n+2 one double bond end with follow the are called “-ene” formula CnX2n alkenes one triple bond end with follow the are called “-yne” formula alkynes CnX2n-2 (X represents H, F, Cl, Br, or I) o Know the bond angle of H−C−C bond for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. o Demonstrate that double and triple bonds cannot rotate like a single bond. o State that “saturated” means “saturated with hydrogens” and describes alkanes. State that alkenes, alkynes, and cyclic hydrocarbons are all “unsaturated.” Given a formula, recognize whether the molecule is an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. 3 STUDY LIST Write the name of a hydrocarbon given its structural formula, and vice versa. To do this, I can: o List prefixes 1 – 10 (meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, etc.) o Identify the longest carbon chain, or “parent chain.” Remember that the parent chain can be bent. o Start numbering carbons of a parent chain where there are more side groups. o Know the names of side groups: methyl –CH3 ethyl –C2H5 fluoro –F chloro –Cl bromo –Br iodo –I o State that “tetramethyl” means 4 methyl groups, “trimethyl” means 3 groups, “dimethyl” means 2 groups. 3.2 Isomers Recognize whether two compounds are isomers. Draw and name isomers of unsubstituted alkanes by rearranging the carbon skeleton. Draw and name isomers of substituted hydrocarbons, by moving the side group to a different carbon. Draw and name isomers of alkenes and alkynes by moving the double or triple bond. Demonstrate cis- and trans- isomerism using dichloroethene, C2H2Cl2. 3.3 Functional Groups I can: 3.4 Organic Reactions: Condensation State the “big idea” that various types of compounds (alcohols, ethers, etc.) have atoms in common (called functional groups). In a compound containing oxygen, identify the functional group. Single-Bonded O alcohol ether (bunny) Reactions and Combustion I can: Show how compounds can combine by removing water: a “condensation reaction.” State that ester formation (esterification) consists of: Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol Ester + H2O Given a carboxylic acid and alcohol, write the products of an esterification reaction. Double-Bonded O carboxylic acid ester State that protein synthesis involves: Amino Acid + Amino Acid Protein + H2O Know that a polymer (“poly” means many, Single & Double-Bonded O aldehyde “mer” means parts) consists of many repeating parts. ketone State natural examples of polymers such as proteins (many amino acids), carbohydrates (many sugar units), and Nylon (many difunctional monomers). amine “R” = “Rest of the molecule” [Officially, “R” = “Residue” or “Radical”.] State examples of these compounds in daily life. o o o o o o o o o o methyl alcohol or methanol ethyl alcohol or ethanol rubbing alcohol, or isopropyl alcohol formaldehyde or methanal acetone or propanone diethylether formic acid or methanoic acid acetic acid or ethanoic acid methylamine amino acids State that combustion is another name for burning. State the basic equation for the combustion reaction: fuel + O2 CO2 + H2O Write the balanced equation for the combustion of a given organic compound.