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12 Week CCA Test Review Part I Test on Wednesday, Nov. 14 DNA Structure and Function 1. Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA? (2 scientists) 2. What is the function of DNA? 3. On your desk is a strand of DNA. Use the nucleotide pieces in the baggie to match the complementary strand. Once you have it completed the diagram, raise your hand to have your teacher check your work, then draw the diagram in the space below. 3. Look at the diagram above, what three parts make up a DNA nucleotide? Use the diagram below to answer questions 4 and 5. 4. Which species is closer in relation to the unknown species? Explain. 5. How many bases differ between the unknown species and species II? DNA Replication 6. At your station is a diagram of DNA replication. Sketch a picture below…… 7. Where does replication occur inside a cell? 8. When is DNA replication necessary? 9. In DNA replication, where and how do the strands separate? 10. If a parent cell has 23 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will it contain after undergoing replication? Transcription / Translation (Protein Synthesis) Put the following pictures in the plastic bag in order. When you have finished, raise your hand and have your teacher review your work. Once it is correct, copy the diagram in the space below: Transcription 11. What is transcription and where does it occur? 12. If the DNA strand reads GCATTA, what will the mRNA sequence be? Translation/ Protein Synthesis Below is a diagram representing translation. Label the following items: mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, amino acids, codon, and anitcodon. 13. What is translation and where does it occur? 14. If the mRNA sequence reads: AUGCAU, what amino acids is it coding for? Use the Codon Wheel or Codon Chart for Questions 24 – 25 1. Transcribe the following DNA sequences into mRNA codons, then use the codon wheel or codon chart to find the correct amino acid sequence (polypeptide). Example : DNA = TACCCACATATC mRNA = AUGGGUGUAUAG Amino Acid Sequence = Met (Start) – Gly – Val – Stop A. DNA = TACGATGAGACT B. DNA = TACCTCGGGATT C. DNA = TACTTTTTCACT D. DNA = TACGTAGTTGTCATT 2. Mutations of the DNA often result in one of the nitrogen bases being changed to a different base. For example a mutation could change the DNA sequence adenine – thymine – guanine (ATG) to adenine – thymine – cytosine (ATC). A. What is the mRNA codon for the DNA sequence ATG? B. What amino acid matches the mRNA codon? C. What is the mRNA codon for the mutated DNA sequence ATC? D. What amino acid (if any) matches the mutated mRNA codon? E. What effect do you think this would have on the production of the protein? Meiosis 15. Use the pieces in the plastic bag to illustrate Meiosis. When you have finished, raise your hand and have your teacher check your diagram. When it is correct draw the diagram below: 16. Look at the above diagram; the sex cells have how many chromosomes compared to the parent cell? 17. The purpose of meiosis is to take a parent cell (2n) and use it to create ______________cells with half the number of chromosomes (n) as the original cell. 18. What is a homologous chromosome and are they found in zygotes or sex cells?