Download CHAPTER 12

Genetic Engineering objectives
How and Why Genes Are Regulated pp. 200-206 (NOT TESTED!!!)
1. Explain how the many types of adult human cells are formed.
2. Explain how RNA is processed in eukaryotes before it leaves the nucleus. Explain how this processing can result in different
proteins from the same gene.
3. Explain how homeotic genes help us understand animal evolution and development.
4. Explain how DNA microarrays help scientists visualize gene expression.
Cloning Plants and Animals pp.207-210
7. Explain how every cell has the potential to act like every other cell. Illustrate with examples.
8. Explain how plants are cloned, and why growers clone plants.
9. Explain how nuclear transplantation can be used to clone animals. Describe advantages of reproductive cloning of animals.
10. Compare the properties of totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent stem cells. Explain why embryonic stem cells may be
better to produce replacement tissues in adults.
11. Explain how induced pluripotent cells are created and their potential advantages.
CHAPTER 12
Recombinant DNA Technology
1. Explain how recombinant DNA technology can be used to produce useful products.
2. Explain how recombinant DNA techniques are used to mass-produce a protein from an isolated gene; such as Humulin,
human growth hormone, erythropoietin..
3. Explain how restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are used to create recombinant DNA.
DNA Profiling and Forensic Science
4. Describe the many ways that DNA profiling can be used in our society.
5. Explain how the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used in genetic engineering and DNA profiling.
6. Describe how restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and gel electrophoresis work and how they are used in the
process of DNA profiling.
Genomics and Proteomics
7. Describe the goals of the Human Genome Project. Explain why our genome presents a major challenge.
Key Terms
biotechnology
clone
DNA ligase
DNA profiling
DNA technology
gel electrophoresis
gene cloning
genetic engineering
genetic marker
genetically modified (GM)
organism
genomics
human genome project
plasmid
polymerase chain reaction
(PCR)
recombinant DNA
repetitive DNA
restriction enzyme
restriction fragments
short tandem repeat (STR)
transgenic organism
vaccine
vector