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Transcript
Ch. 1-An Introduction to Sociology in the Global Age I. What is Sociology? The study of human society. The scientific study of human social behavior; a scientific way of thinking about society and its influence on human groups; why do people do the things they do. The systematic study of the ways in which people are affected by, and affect, the social structures and social processes that are associated with the groups, organizations, cultures, societies, and the world in which they exist. II. The Sociological Perspective a. The Sociological Imagination-C. Wright Mills The connection between the individual and larger social institutions How societal patterns influence individual and group life A unique perspective that gives sociologists a distinctive way of looking at data and reflecting on the world around them. Troubles vs Issues b. Butterfly Effect: The far-ranging or even global impact of a small change in a specific location, over both time and distance. c. Peter Berger- seeing the general in the particular General patterns in the behavior of particular people; categories of people; society shapes individual experience Making the familiar strange Society shapes what we think and do Debunking-Peter Berger-Invitation to Sociology An Introduction to Sociology in the Global Age 2 Study of the everyday world we take for granted Be skeptical of conventional explanations of social life Be curious about everyday life, understand forces behind behavior Question ideas and actions usually taken for granted “things are not what they seem” social reality has many layers of meaning c. Seeing personal choice in social context III. Factors That Increase Sociological Awareness Travel-encountering diversity Globalization: The increasing fluidity of global flows and the structures that expedite and impede those flows. Most important instigator of social change. Positives: greater access to goods, services, and information throughout the world. Negatives: Undesirable things (diseases, illegal drugs, sex trafficking) flow more easily around the world. Consumption: The process by which people obtain and utilize goods and services. As consumption increased so did the proliferation of credit cards and predictably credit card debt. Consumption and globalization are deeply intertwined. McDonaldization: The process by which the rational principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more of society and more of societies throughout the world. McDonaldization leads to the creation of rational systems that have 4 defining characteristics: Efficiency- an emphasis on the quickest and least costly means to whatever end is desired. Calculability-Control includes a focus on quantity as representing quality, and that tasks are done under pressure, where the quality of the job is measured not in the way it is done, but in how quickly it is done. An Introduction to Sociology in the Global Age 3 Predictability-Uniformity the consuming experience is identical from one geographic setting to another. Accomplished through highly predictable rituals. Control- Control of both employees and of consumers is ensured by replacing unpredictable humans with machines that are simply monitored by people. The Internet: social aspects of technology-interplay of machines, tools, skills, and procedures for the accomplishment of tasks. Social networking and multitasking are of particular interests to sociologists. Digital divide- differential access to technological advances IV. Major Topics of Sociological Interest a. Socialization-lifelong process by which we learn our culture, develop our sense of self and become functioning members of society b. Social Stratification-structured social inequality c. Social Institutions-a group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role. A predictable, established way to provide for one or more of society’s basic needs. Any institution in a society that works to socialize the people or groups within it. d. Social Change V. The Development of Sociology a. Historical Development of Sociology Industrial Revolution (see Ch.14, pp. 484-485) Four major changes: Technology Growth of cities Change in political ideas Colonization-exposure to diverse cultures An Introduction to Sociology in the Global Age Mid-Twentieth Century-Post-Industrial Age: white collar work, bureaucracies, growth of service sector Twenty-first Century-Information Age-increased participation of women in work force, growth of unpaid labor, effects of computer technology on society and individuals. Focus on knowledge, information, and technologies. VI. The Uses of Sociology a. Improving Society b. Making a Living c. Making Life Choices 4