Download Landforms and Oceans Class Notes

Landforms and Oceans Class Notes
Name _____________________________
1. There are two types of forces that shape the surface of the earth. They are _______________________ and
_______________________.
2. ___________________________ forces build up the earth’s surface.
3. ___________________________ forces tear down or destroy landforms and other things on the earth’s surface.
4. _____________________ is the process through which rocks or other materials are broken down. This is a natural
process that happens over a long period of time.
5. Weathering can be _____________________ or ______________________.
6. Weathering causes the _________________ of the Earth to dissolve, decompose, and break into smaller pieces.
7. _____________________ is an important cause of weathering. Plants cause weathering when ___________ break
apart a rock. Anything that causes rock to wear down or break apart is a cause of weathering.
8. _____________________ is the movement of sediments and soil by wind, water, ice, and gravity.
9. ______________________ through flowing water formed the Grand Canyon in Arizona.
10. ______________________ is the dropping or depositing of sediments by water, wind, and ice. It builds up new land on
the Earth’s surface.
11. ______________________ are mass movements of land due to gravity. They can cause buildings to fall. They can
occur on the continental slope in the ocean.
12. ______________________________ are mountains with openings in the Earth’s crust through which magma, gases,
and ash reach the Earth’s surface. They can change the Earth’s surface and the Earth’s weather patterns. Lava and ash
can destroy forests and bury fields.
13. Volcanic eruptions can occur under the ocean; they are called ____________________.
14. If the seamount rises above the surface of the ocean, it is called a _______________________________________.
15. A fault is a break in the Earth’s surface. _____________________________ are vibrations on the Earth’s surface
caused by sudden movement in the Earth, often along a fault. They can cause a little or a lot of damage. They can
cause ___________________.
16. Earthquakes under the ocean can cause huge waves called _____________________. They destroy land and cause
great damage if they come ashore.
17. ______________________ occur when large amounts of water cover land that is usually dry. During a flood, rapid
____________________ can take place and move soil and sediments away. When the flood waters recede, new
sediment is left behind and can build up rich soil deposits.
18. Draw and label the ocean floor. ( on another piece of paper)
19. The ________________________________ is an oceanic landform that is the part of the continent located under the
water of the ocean’s surface. In some places it is shallow, and in other places it becomes very deep.
20. The ________________________________ is an oceanic landform that is a steep slope where the continental shelf
drops to the bottom of the ocean floor. The depth of the ocean floor increases greatly here.
21. The deep ________________________ is about 2.5-3.5 miles deep. It has several features.
22. The ___________________________ is a feature of the ocean basin. It is a wide, flat area of the deep ocean floor.
23. _______________________ are features of the ocean basin. They are the deepest parts of the ocean floor.
24. A _______________________ is an underwater mountain (volcano) on the ocean basin that rises from the ocean floor
but stops before it reaches the surface of the ocean.
25. ________________________________ are underwater mountain ranges. Trenches are located on either side of these.
A mid-ocean ridge divides the ocean floor into two parts.
26. A ____________________________ is located along the top of mid-ocean ridges and is the result of ocean floor
spreading.
27. Make a chart of continental landforms and oceanic landforms on a separate sheet of paper.
28. The repeated movement of water is known as a _______________.
29. All waves have the same parts. The highest part of a wave is the ____________________.
30. The point at which the top of the wave curls over is called the __________________.
31. The lowest part of a wave is called the _______________________.
32. Draw and label the parts of a wave somewhere on this study guide.
33. Most waves are caused by _________________ that are blown across the surface of the water. A wave changes
______________ when it reaches the shore.
34. A giant sea wave is called a _______________________.
35. ______________________ are flowing streams of water that move continually through the ocean in a specific
direction. Some flow at the ocean’s surface and some are found deeper in the ocean.
36. __________________________ are caused by the movement of Earth and by the force and the direction of the wind.
37. ____________________________________ are driven by Earth’s rotation from the tropics to the higher latitudes.
38. _____________________________________ are driven by Earth’s rotation from the polar latitudes toward the
equator.
39. The regular rise and fall of waters in the oceans and seas are called ______________.
40. Tides are caused by the pull of the moon’s _____________ on the Earth. Tides rise and fall about twice a day.
41. ______________tide occurs when the water level is at its highest point. _________tide occurs when the water level is
at its lowest point.
42. The area where the land meets the ocean is the ________________________.
43. Shorelines made of sand are called ________________________.
44. ___________________________ are naturally occurring and function to protect the mainland from the effects of the
waves. The shapes of barrier islands can be changed by ________________________.
45. All rivers flow to the ______________. An area where the river meets the ocean is called
an_______________________. An estuary has a mixture of freshwater and saltwater. ________________deposit sand
in the estuaries.
46. ____________________ are water filled spaces between the barrier islands. _________________ can change the
shape of an inlet opening. Tides cause the __________________ level of an inlet to change.
47. _____________________ is anything that harms the natural environment.
48. List examples of pollution. (land, air, and water)
49. _____________________ is the wise use of natural resources.
50. List some conservation efforts that help protect the environment.