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Name: Key Section 2-1 review 1. What are the two parts of the cardiovascular system? Heart and blood vessels 2. Name the 2 types of place(s) that valves are located. 1. between atria and ventricles 2. between ventricles and arteries out of the heart 3. Describe the 3 steps that blood takes as it passes through the heart. 1. Blood enters top of heart (atria) 2. Blood goes down into the bottom of the heart (ventricles) 3. Blood leaves the heart (through arteries) 4. Which side of the heart has blood with a lot of oxygen AND WHY? The left side of the heart has blood with a lot of oxygen because it is coming from the lungs and just picked it up. 5. Which type of blood vessel (arteries or veins) usually carries blood without oxygen AND WHY? Veins usually have blood with only a little oxygen because they carry blood back from the body and the organs just used the oxygen. The blood is now going back “into” the heart before going to the lungs to get more oxygen. 6. Compare the 3 types of blood vessels using the following chart: Arteries Veins Capillaries Type of Walls Thick Thin Very thin Function Carries blood away from the heart Carries blood back into the heart Exchanges oxygen, nutrients, waste with cells 7. What is pulmonary circulation? Blood flow between heart and lungs 8. What is systemic circulation? Blood flow between heart and rest of the body 9. Name the parts of the respiratory system. Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli 10. Describe how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. 1. Oxygen enters the lungs when you inhale. 2. Oxygen is transferred from the alveoli in the lungs to the capillaries around them. 3. Oxygen can now travel through the blood to all of the organs 4. Capillaries next to the body cells allow the oxygen to get to the cells 11. Use the following diagram to fill out the chart below. 8 6 9 1 2 7 3 4 5 Name of heart chamber or where the blood is going to or from? Artery or Vein? 1. Right atrium 2. Right ventricle 3. Left atrium 4. Left ventricle 5. From lower body Vein 6. To the lungs Artery 7. From the lungs vein 8. To the body artery 9. Valve 12. What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion? Name 2 organs that have both types. Mechanical digestion is the physical breaking of food into smaller pieces (mouth, stomach) Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food pieces into nutrients using chemicals like acid or enzymes (mouth, stomach, beginning of the small intestine) 13. List the organs that are part of the digestive tract in order from mouth to anus. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum anus 14. What kind of chemical aids digestion in the stomach? acid 15. What is the function of the large intestine? Removes water to make solid waste 16. What do villi do and why are they important? Villi in the small intestine absorb nutrients from the digested food so the capillaries and take them to the organs or cells that need them. 17. What organ absorbs the nutrients from the food? Small intestine 18. Describe how the digestive and circulatory systems work together to deliver nutrients to the body’s organs. 1. 2. 3. 4. Digested food enters the small intestine after it leaves the stomach. Nutrients are absorbed by the villi in the small intestine and transferred to the capillaries in them. Nutrients can now travel through the blood to all of the organs Capillaries next to the body cells allow the nutrients to get to the cells. ***Be prepared to answer lab design questions including independent, dependent, controlled variables, and control group.