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SCIENCE Study Guide
Chapter 3: “Body Systems”
Put these body structures in order from smallest to largest:
tissue
cell
system
organ
cell  tissue  organ  system
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Know that we must digest food in order to break it down so it can be absorbed by the body
List the organs of the digestive system in the order that food/nutrients travel
through it:
 mouth  Esophogus  stomach  small intestine  large intestine
Function: provides animals/people
with the nutrients needed by cells to
produce energy
This happens when food is digested
and broken down to be absorbed
into the bloodstream through hairlike fibers called villi in the small
intestine.
Know which two organs assist the
small intestine in breaking down
food.
1. Liver
2. Pancreas
The pancreas produces digestive
juices to help with the digestive
process.
What glands that are found in the
mouth start the process of digestion
by moistening food? Salivary glands
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Major organs: Lungs
Function: breathing (which sends Oxygen into the bloodstream
and removes the waste products water and carbon dioxide )
Diffusion is the process in which particles move from an area of
high concentration (many) to an area of lower concentration
(few).
This process happens as the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged through the walls of air sacs called Alveoli.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Major Organ: Heart Vessels: Veins, arteries, &capillaries
Function: It transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes in the
blood (fluid).
Identify the specific jobs of red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets.
-Red- carry oxygen and gas
-White- fight of germs and break down dead cells
-Platelets- Cause blood to clot, and prevent blood from
leaking through walls of capillaries
Oxygen-poor blood enters into the (left/right) side of the heart
and leaves the (right/left) side of the heart as it is pumped into
the lungs.
Therefore, oxygen rich blood reaches the left side of the heart
from the lungs after you inhale oxygen from the air.
The lungs fill the blood with oxygen-rich blood before it travels back to the heart (Specifically:
the left side of heart…which then pumps oxygen rich blood to the rest of the body)
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Main Organs: two kidneys & the bladder
Function: The kidneys remove waste from the blood and convert it to urine.
The bladder stores urine until
it is expelled from the body.
Where are nephrons found?kidneys