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Answer Key REINFORCING KEY CONCEPTS 1. waters near shore: temperature and salinity nearly constant, sunlight always filtered, water level does not change drastically; intertidal zone: temperature and salinity may change, sunlight is sometimes direct and sometimes filtered, water level changes drastically. 2. Coral reef: built-up limestone deposits formed by large colonies of ant-sized organisms called corals; sea anemones, seaweed, sea urchins, starfish, giant clams, parrotfish, Clown fish Kelp forest: large community of seaweed that grows to great heights; worms, starfish, lobsters, crabs, abalones, octupuses 3. surface zone: top 200 meters, sunlight reaches through, nutrients sink to the bottom, organisms must blend in and swim fast, life is spread out; deep zone: below 200 meters to the ocean floor, no sunlight, some organisms have glowing parts, many predators, life is spread out. 4. Hydrothermal vents are openings in Earth’s crust on the ocean floor where cold water seeps in and becomes heated by hot magma. Crabs, fish, mussels, shrimp, giant clams, bacteria, and tubeworms are some of the organisms that live there.