Download Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration
1. formula is 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
Opposite is photosynthesis
2. Cell respiration and fermentation both provide mechanisms for the production of ATP that enable
organisms to survive.
3. comparison chart
a. requires oxygen
b. Where do they occur
c. why do they occur
End products
Glycolysis
No
Cytoplasm
This is the first step of cellular
respiration (even though it is
anaerobic)
2 ATP net, 2 -3C pyruvate, and
2 NADH molecules
Fermentation
No
cytoplasm
To regenerate NAD + so glycolysis
can continue to produce 2 ATP’s
Lactic Acid: 2- 3 C lactic acid;
used to make food and cheese
Alcoholic: 2 – CO2, 2 – 2C alcohols
(beer and wine)
In addition to what is produced in
glycolysis
4. see fermentation column in chart above
Odds and ends:
Yeast and fermentation – what type aerobic or anaerobic? Anaerobic because do not need oxygen
How do muscle cramps develop? Build up of lactic acid during fermentation in muscles due to lack of
O2
What foods are made from fermentation? Cheese, alcoholic beverages, breads, yogurt.
5. Comparison of Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain, & fermentation (2 types): #
ATP, location, need for oxygen, produces carbon dioxide. See notes
Glycolysis
Cut and
Groom /
Bridge/
Transition
Krebs
# ATP
Location
2ATP
Cytoplasm
Need
OxygenAerobic
CO2
produced
NADH
produced
FADH2
produced
No
--Cyto into
matrix
No
2ATP
Mitochondria
matrix
No
Oxidative
Phosphorylation:
Electron transport
Chain &
chemiosmosis
28 -34 ATP
Mitochondrial
cristae
Yes
Fermentation
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes- alcohol
yes
yes
Yes
No, it is used here
no
no
yes
No, it is used here
No, it is used
here
------
2 ATP
Yeast / Muscles
No
6.
Photosynthesis
1. Explain the interdependent relationship between autotrophs & heterotrophs in terms of
chemical cycling and energy transfer (reactant, products, types of energy).
-autotroph- organism that makes its own food; plant
-heterotroph- organism that obtains food by eating other organisms; animal
Autotrophs remove CO2 from environment and fix it into sugars (normally glucose) whereas
heterotrophs consume those sugars and return them to the environment as CO2. O2 is “exhaled” from
autotrophs and is required by autotrophs to break down sugars to remove the energy used to form ATP.
2. Write a balanced chemical equation; relate to cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (sunlight) 6O2 + C6H12O6
Cell respiration: 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
The products of one reaction are the reactants for the other and vice versa.
3. Analyze from diagrams the photosynthetic pathway for each step of the light reactions &
Calvin cycle in terms of location, reactants, products & energy transfer.
Light dependent reactions
Water oxidized to release electrons to photosystem II. Light photons raise energy of electrons to excited
state.
Electrons then move through electron transport chain to regenerate ADP into ATP
Grounded electrons (reduced energy) delivered to photosystem I and raised to excited state by more light
photons
Electrons (excited state) removed to reduce NADP+ to NADPH.
Both ATP and NADPH molecules delivered to Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle
3 CO2 delivered to Calvin Cycle where enzyme RUBISCO adds the 3 CO2 to 3 RuBP to form 3PGA (3phosphoglycerate)
ATP is added to 3PGA and reduced by NADPH to produce G3P (glyceraldehyde-3P).
One G3P is removed from the Calvin cycle to be used to make sugars (most likely glucose) but 5 G3P are
used to regenerate RuBP for the next 3 CO2
4. Explain the interactions between pigments, absorption of light, reflection of light/energy
transfer
Energy increases from red light (lowest) to violet light (highest)
The wavelength of visible light is smallest in violet light and largest in red light.
Chlorophyll a is green (teal-green) and absorbs within the blue-violet spectrum
Chlorophyll b is green (yellow green) and absorbs within the red-blue spectrum
Colors not absorbed are reflected. Green light not absorbed by plants therefore it is reflected and is
what we usually observe in plants.
5. Did not cover in class therefore will not be on midterm exam.