* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Rise of Islam - Galena Park ISD Moodle
History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928–38) wikipedia , lookup
Islamic terrorism wikipedia , lookup
Muslim world wikipedia , lookup
Islamic Golden Age wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Mormonism wikipedia , lookup
International reactions to Fitna wikipedia , lookup
Salafi jihadism wikipedia , lookup
Islamic democracy wikipedia , lookup
Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe wikipedia , lookup
Political aspects of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Schools of Islamic theology wikipedia , lookup
History of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islamofascism wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Islamism wikipedia , lookup
Islamic–Jewish relations wikipedia , lookup
Medieval Muslim Algeria wikipedia , lookup
Islamic extremism in the 20th-century Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and secularism wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Sikhism wikipedia , lookup
Islam and violence wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Egypt wikipedia , lookup
War against Islam wikipedia , lookup
Spread of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and war wikipedia , lookup
Islamic schools and branches wikipedia , lookup
Islam and modernity wikipedia , lookup
The Rise of Islam 622 c.e. to 1450 c.e. Calligraphy says, “Salam.” Mohammed Last Prophet God spoke to him Fled to Medina in 622 starting the Islamic calendar (hijra) Beliefs of Islam Kabba in Mecca Monotheistic 5 Pillars of Faith Do you know them? Koran (Quŕan) No pork No alcohol No gambling Kabba Mosque Men & Women separate Minaret Men and Women in Islam Men Women Make all major decisions Can have 4 wives Divorce is easy Women lost rights as Islam spread east Often secluded in the home Fewer education opportunities Often have restrictive dress code Divorce nearly impossible Concepts in Islam Hadith – the deeds and speeches of Mohammed Imam – religious leader chosen by age or status Jihad – struggle of the heart, mind and hand Mullah – local religious leader Jihad in Islam The Word “Jihad” means to struggle or strive Levels of JihadStruggle to improve yourself Struggle against evil in society Struggle on the battlefield Valid reasons for Jihad on the battlefieldSelf Defense To remove human tyranny, oppression, and persecution SPRITES Setting By 750, the Islamic Empire stretched from India to Spain Agriculture Varied by climate and soil type Controlled transportation routes By 1450, the empire was smaller but still influential Cordoba, Spain Delhi, India Politics Caliphs were religious and political leaders Sultans were political leaders Strong armies Religious and secular authority Had extensive bureaucracies Crusades weaken caliphates and Empire fragments Saladin leads Mamluks (slave army made up of European Slavs) against crusaders Mamluks then seize power in Egypt after the death of Saladin. First Crusade Islam unifies the Empire Islam is a religion and a way of life Islamic Law Islam splits between Sunni and Shiite Religious leaders can be anyone Religious leaders must be descendants of Mohammed Religion Innovations Medicine Prescription drugs surgery Mathematics Algebra Literature Poetry calligraphy Art Architecture arabesque Libraries Technology Steel Used arch and dome Cotton textiles Glass Irrigation (Qanats) Drained swampland Economy Agriculture was important in areas with good climates Merchants VERY important Trade Networks Silk Road Indian Ocean Routes Saharan Camel Routes Systems to transfer money Banking and Branch Banking Checks Credit Currency Exchange Economic controls Worker and Craft Guilds (quality regulation) Price Regulation Society Social Mobility Based on education and achievements Tax on Non-Muslims “People of the Book” not persecuted Women were spiritually equal but not secularly equal. Seclusion Veiling (purdah) Slavery Only enslave non-Muslims Slaves could buy freedom Children of slaves who converted were freed Merchants were honored (Mohammed was a merchant) Why did Islam Spread? Motivation for Bedouins Gives them an excuse to raid their enemies United them and broke clan/family ties Polygyny allowed Why Did Islam Spread? Military Success Bravery was a culture trait of the Bedouins of Arabia Organization and Mobility (horse) Superior military tactics Persian and Byzantine Empires were weak Conquered soldiers were converted and incorporated into Muslim army A place in Paradise if you died in battle Why Did Islam Spread? Trade Networks Islamic lands linked Africa, Asia and Europe Merchants traveled the “silk road” and Indian Ocean sea routes Cultural centers like Cairo, Mecca, Alexandria and Baghdad provided centers of learning to which thousands traveled each year Sufis were merchant missionaries. They spread Islam peacefully, were mystics. Why Did Islam Spread? Treatment of Conquered Peoples Toleration Often led to acceptance Muslims welcomed in areas where people had been persecuted Keep local religion Conquered Christians and Jews often converted because of similarities Islamic Empires: Umayyad Capital in Damascus A small Arab/Muslim aristocracy ruled over a people who were not Arab and largely not “Muslim” called Mawali. (They converted but were not recognized) “People of the Book” were generally tolerated. Expansion across North Africa to Iberian Peninsula as well as into Central Asia. Declined: “more political than pious” (luxury and soft living) Revolts by dissenting Muslims Non-Arab resentment Army revolt led under the black banner of the Abbasid Party defeated the Umayyad and slaughtered most of the family at a reconciliation banquet. Islamic Empires: Abbasid Ends Arab domination, Mawali conversion in mass from Berbers and Moors to Turks. Capital at Baghdad Persians dominate the expanding bureaucracy Harum al Rashid ruled from 786-809 Wealth and splendor equal to Byzantium Exchanged gifts and ambassadors with Charlemagne Lavish court, palace was 1/3 of the city of Baghdad Muslim Empires: Abbasid Wealth and Prosperity Revival of trade routes across Sahara, Mediterranean Sea and Silk Road Merchants were Christians, Muslims and Jews Bazaars held spices, minerals, dyes, gems, olives, wine, wheat, silk, porcelain, horses, etc Joint Stock companies Banking with credit and checks Workshops made glass, jewelry, tapestries, Damascus Steel, Cordoba Leather and paper Collapse of the Abbasid Causes: Social Stratification Arabs played and increasingly smaller role in the society as Turks and other non-Arabs migrated in Sectarian Divisions Different Islamic groups vied for power Regional Separation Empire was too large for weakened military to control Division in the Muslim World after collapse of Abbasid Umayyads still in Spain (750-1100) Fatimids in Egypt (900+) Mamluks in Egypt (1250-1517) Seljuk Turks in Isfahan (Persia) (1050+) Mongols in Baghdad (1258+) Ottoman Turks in Asia Minor (1300-1919) Safavids in Isfahan (1499+)