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Guidance on tools to strengthen water security and agriculture in NAPs Julia Wolf Natural Resources Officer, FAO Country Support for Water Security and Agriculture in NAPs and Climate Finance | 09 June 2015 Climate change impacts on food and water Crops & livestock Direct effects on crop growth and their need for water, as well as soil fertility, water supply for irrigation, and prevalence of pests and diseases. For livestock, quality and amount of feed supply and the carrying capacity of pastureland. Forests Lack of water availability can affect rate of tree growth, while disturbance regimes (e.g. fire, pests and storms), or drive economic and social changes caused by climate change, such as population movements and changes in markets (e.g. increased demand for biofuels to replace fossil fuels). Climate change impacts on food and water Fisheries & Aquaculture Production systems are likely to suffer from increased water temperatures, sea-level rise and decreased pH, changes in aquatic systems’ productivity and disease risks, flooding, droughts and increases in frequency and intensity of storms and other extreme weather events Coastal areas Rising temperature will affect coral reefs. Damaged reefs will no longer provide coastal protection which, in combination with rising sea levels and increased extreme weather events. FAO Tools: Water and Agriculture FAO Tools FAO’s work on the “agriculture supplement” FAO is developing a supplement on agriculture (including crops, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture) to the NAPs Technical Guidelines prepared by the LEG. Objectives: • • • To facilitate the integration of food security and agriculture concerns and perspectives into the NAP process; To enable agriculture stakeholders to better identify and understand the issues at stake in a mid/long term perspective and to empower them to participate efficiently in the process; and To provide guidance for non-agriculture specialists to understand the issues at stake. Timeline: • • Consultations with UNFCCC, the LEG, other UN Agencies and countries are ongoing (2014-2015). To be launched at COP 21. Element A. Laying the Ground Work and Addressing Gaps A.1 Initiating and launching of the NAP process a. Briefing on NAP process - adaptation challenges & opportunities of the agriculture sectors b. Coordinating mechanism, available technical and financial support for the adaptation of the agriculture sectors c. National vision and mandate for NAPs in the agriculture sectors A.2 Stocktaking a. Stocktaking of adaptation activities and national investment plans b. Synthesis of available knowledge and methodologies on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation c. Capacity and institutional gap analysis A.3 Addressing capacity gaps and weaknesses in the undertaking of the NAP process a. Building institutional and technical capacity for the agriculture sectors b. Opportunities for integrating adaptation into development of the agriculture sectors A.4 Literature review on national processes a. Compile development objectives, policies, plans and programmes b. Synergy between development and adaptation objectives, policies, plans and programmes Element B.Preparatory elements B.1 Analyzing current and future climate change for agriculture production and sustainability a. b. c. d. B.2. Assessing impacts and vulnerabilities and identifying adaptation options for the agricultural sectors a. Assess vulnerability to climate change in the agriculture sectors, subnational and national b. Rank climate change risks and vulnerabilities in the agriculture sectors c. Identify agriculture systems constraints on productivity and sustainability d. Identify and assess adaptation options to address priority vulnerabilities in the agriculture sector B.3 Selecting and appraising adaptation options in agriculture sectors a. Select the appraisal methodology and criteria (e.g. Cost-benefits, environmental impact, sustainability, productivity, resilience) of adaptation options in agriculture sectors b. Appraise options using selected methodologies, consider environmental and socio-economic impacts of adaptation measures c. Verification consultation on ranking of adaptation options with national stakeholders Consult with NAP Core team for climate information for other sectors Analysis of current climate and impacts of agriculture systems and groups Modeling of climate scenarios of agriculture systems (physical elements) Future climate scenarios and possible impacts in agriculture systems Element B.Preparatory elements B.4. Compiling and communicating agricultural perspectives of NAPs a. Adaptation priorities of the agriculture sectors in the draft national adaptation plan for sector and national investment plans b. Compile agriculture perspective as a agriculture component or into the national adaptation plans to process endorsement at the national level B.5. Selecting and appraising adaptation options in agriculture sectors a. Identify opportunities and constraints for integrating climate change into planning b. Build and enhance capacity for integrating climate change into planning c. Facilitate the integration of climate change adaptation into existing national and sub national planning processes FAO Tool Matrix for NAPs • A Tool Matrix is being developed to assist those driving the NAP process in integrating the agriculture sectors, cross-cutting issues such as food security, water and land, nutrition and gender equality are also included. • Agencies working in related topics are welcome to contribute their tools. A Joint UNDP-FAO Programme: “To integrate climate change risks and opportunities as they relate to agriculture sector-related livelihood options within existing national planning and budgeting processes” The programme is funded by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) through the International Climate Initiative (ICI) Integrating Agriculture in NAPs Safeguarding livelihoods and promoting resilience in National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) Nepal Philippines Thailand Vietnam Uruguay Kenya Uganda Zambia Thank you! For more information, please visit: FAO NAPs Coordination Global [email protected] Contributions to the presentation by [email protected] www.fao.org/climatechange