* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download A1985AKX8900001
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
. I [ CCIP4SJMBER 27 This Week’s Citation CIasslc~_______ Campbell A. Sensitive mutants of bacteriophage A Virology 14:22-32, 1961. IDepariment of Biology. University of Rochester, NY] I 3 Leupold on thermosensitive mutants of Neurospora and E co/i. In my new position at the University of Rochester, I decided to isolate enough suppressible A mutants to exhaust the complementation groups accessible by this means and to carry out several tests of the basic ideas Edgar and I had discussed. First, I wanted to show that mutations rendering A sensitive to extreme conditions (high temperature, high or low pH) would generate the same complementation groups as the suppressible mutants did. Second, I wanted Allan Campbell to verify that some bacterial mutants Department of Biological Sciences isolated for their ability to suppress a Stanford University bacterial gene would allow the phage mutants to plate, as C600 did Third, I Stanford, CA 94305 wanted to identify the function and product of at least one such gene. For this last purJune 11, 1985 pose I chose lysis and endolysin. When these goals had apparently been accomplished, I In 1957, while working at Cold Spring Har- published the results. My success in exhaustbor Laboratories, I accidentally found that ing the complementation groups proved to two small plaque mutants of phage A isolat- be incomplete. I found 184groups; 7 more ed on one substrain of Eschertchia colt K-12 have been identified since. After the work (C600) failed to plate at all on another K-12 was completed, I returned to my studies strain (W3350). During the next two years, of prophage integration and specialized first at Cold Spring Harbor and then at the transduction, for which the mutants were inInstitut Pasteur in Paris, I isolated a total of valuable. 15 such mutants from mutagenized A stocks. The paper has occasionally been cited for They mapped in widely scattered locations its part in the history of conditionally lethal 5 along the A chromosome and belonged to 12 mutations. The paper of Epstein et a!. is different complementation groups. I had lit- cited much more often because its impact tle idea of the basis of their conditional was far greater. By the time it was written, lethality, but they were extremely useful the mechanism of translational suppression markers in my investigations of defective, was somewhat understood, and it included a 1 galactose-transducing variants of A. much deeper analysis of the gene functions When I returned to 2 the US in 1959, I en- associated with various T4 complementation countered Bob Edgar (then at the California groups that I had produced with A. Interest Institute of Technology), who informed me in similar studies on A was sparked by a later 6 that Dick Epstein had found mutants of paper by Katherine Brooks, a graduate stuphage T4 (which they called “amber” mu- dent of mine, who investigated the effect of tants) that had the same host range among some A mutants on DNA replication as estiK-12 strains as my mutants. We agreed that mated from genetic pool size. Most of the this sounded as though C600 had an allelecitations to my paper are references to the specific, gene-nonspecific suppressor. Edgar origin of the mutants, which were widely dispointed out that such mutants might provide tributed among A workers and remain in use. a means for identifying all the genes essen- Some authors also cite the paper as the origtial for phage growth, and I recalled the inal reference for specific A genes that they earlier relevant work of Horowitz and are studying. Suppressible, thermosensitive, acid-sensitive, arid alkali-sensitive mutants of coliphage A were isolated and used to identify and map most of the genes determining functions necessary for plaque formation The suppressors allowing phage growth were shown to include genuine suppressors of host mutations [The SC!x indicate5 that this paper has been cited in over 595 publications since 1961 1 Campbell A. Ordering of genetic sues in bacteriophage A by the use of galaciose-transducmg defective phages Virology 9293-305, 1959 (Cued 40 times 2 Edgar R Conditional teihals (Cairns I, Steni C & Watson!, eds.) Phage and the origins 0/molecular biology New York Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 1966 p 166-72 3 Horowhz N U & Leopold V. Some recent studies bearing on the one gene-one enzyme hypothesus Cold Spring Harbor Symp 16 65-74, 1951 (Cued 60 times since 1955.) 4 Hendrta R, Roberts I. Stahl F & Welsberg It. Lambda Ii New York Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1983. 694 p 5 Epuiein R H. aelle A, SteInberg C, Kellenberger E. aoy de Ia Tour E, Cheraucy It, Edgar It, Snuman M, Denbardt C & LleIauals A. Physiological studies of conditional lethal mutations of bacteriophage T4D Cold Spring Harbor Symp 28 375-94, 1963 (Cited 865 limes) 6 Brooki K. Studies in the physiological genetics of some suppressor-scusaitive mutants of bacteriophage A Virology 26489-99, 1965 (Cited 105 iimes I 20 LS ©1985 by PSI® CURRENT CONTENTS® .