* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Week 4:
Survey
Document related concepts
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Biosequestration wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrion wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Oxidative phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Biology 160 Week 4 Class notes Monday 4/25: catch up on Cellular function: Cytoskeleton (see video) Review of “concentration gradient” and associated potential energy. Review of Enzymes: structure and function, induced fit, inhibitors (induced bad fit) Introduction to Cellular Respiration: Process Glycolysis Location Cytoplasm Carbon Glucose2 pyruvate Transition Cytoplasm Citric Acid Cycle Mitochondria Electron Transport Chain Inner membrane of mitochondria (which has 2 membranes) PyruvateAcetic Acid (2C) Acetic Acid joins 4C “acceptor molecule” 2 xCO2 given off, 4C acceptor molecule is recycled. No carbon inputs or outputs Energy Use 2 ATP, gain 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP) Energy neutral 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 Approximately 34 ATP (from NADH and FADH2) Fermentation: when oxygen is taken away, yields only the energy associated with glycolysis (2ATP) and yields one of several products that are generally harmful to living organisms at high concentrations: e.g. ethanol, lactic acid. Tuesday 4/26: We mentioned the terms oxidation, reduction, and “redox” chemistry We balanced the equation for cellular respiration: 6 O2 + C6H12O6 6 CO2 + 6 H2O (plus energy) and pointed out that cellular respiration allows for inputs other than glucose, including fats, proteins, and other sugars. Introduction of Photosynthesis: Reverse equation of Respiration, and can be divided into two phases: “Light reactions” and “Calvin cycle.” Anatomy of a chloroplast: double membrane, like mitochondria. Thylakoid sacs stacked into Grana. Stroma filling the space outside of the grana. Light reactions can be divided into 2 “photosystems”: “Water splitting” and “NADPH producing”. These two photosystems both take in light energy, one produces ATP via electron transport chain, the other produces NADPH. These products are both used in the calvin cycle to take CO2 and attach it to larger carbon chain molecules, which then are “reduced” to make a 3 carbon sugar. This 3 carbon sugar (G3P sugar) can be used to synthesize glucose, or other bio-molecules elsewhere in the cell. Adaptations that take advantage of the separation of light reaction and calvin cycle were discussed: C4 and CAM photosynthesis. These adaptations both allow plants that use them to take in CO2 either through an extra cell (C4) or at night (CAM) in order to avoid excessive water loss in dry climates.